The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sunblocks: Mechanisms of action
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
TiO2 nanoparticles are widely used in sun blockers and other cosmetic products.
“Nanoparticles (ca 100 nm or smaller) of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), a white pigment, are widely used for various industrial purposes, including the design of sun blockers and other cosmetic products (187,188).”
From Photoinduced Damage to Cellular DNA: Direct and Photosensitized Reactions† (2012) · cites this paper as [188]
Citations
Cites
Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis
Hoffmann, M. R., Martin, S. T., Choi, W., & Bahnemann, D. W. (1995) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr00033a004 · Cited by 18,495
Induction of cytotoxicity by photoexcited TiO2 particles.
Cai, R., Kubota, Y., Shuin, T., Sakai, H., Hashimoto, K., & Fujishima, A. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 410
Pressor Attacks during Treatment with Monoamine-oxidase Inhibitors
CORNISH, C. B. (1965) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91261-4 · Cited by 286
Photokilling of Malignant Cells with Ultrafine TiO2 Powder
Cai, R., Hashimoto, K., Itoh, K., Kubota, Y., & Fujishima, A. (1991) · Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan · doi:10.1246/bcsj.64.1268 · Cited by 242
Identification of titanium in human tissues: Probable role in pathologic processes
Moran, C. A., Mullick, F. G., Ishak, K. G., et al. (1991) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/0046-8177(91)90130-h · Cited by 85
Percutaneous Absorption of Zinc from Zinc Oxide Applied Topically to Intact Skin in Man
Ågren, M. S. (2009) · Dermatologica · doi:10.1159/000247982 · Cited by 82
Efficiency of Opaque Photoprotective Agents in the Visible Light Range
Kaye, E. T. (1991) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1991.01680030071009 · Cited by 73
Dupré, A. (1985) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1985.01660050108026 · Cited by 31
XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM AN ATTEMPT AT CANCER PROPHYLAXIS
Smithers, D. W. (1952) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(52)90545-x · Cited by 22
A Practical Sunscreen— "Red Vet Pet"
MacEACHERN, W. N. (1964) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1964.01590250153027 · Cited by 19
Sunscreens: The Molecules and Their Photochemistry
Martincigh, B. S., Allen, J. M., & Allen, S. K. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10135-3_2 · Cited by 11
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Brown MW, 1990, Testing UVA and UVB protection from microfine titanium dioxide, Cosmetics and Toiletries, 105, 69
- Martincigh BS, 1997, Sunscreen Photobiology
- Diffey BL, 1988, Determination of sun protection factors, Int J Cos Sci, 10, 118
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inorganic and organic UV filters: Their role and efficacy in sunscreens and suncare products
Serpone, N., Dondi, D., & Albini, A. (2007) · Inorganica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.ica.2005.12.057 · Cited by 711
Kullavanijaya, P., & Lim, H. W. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.07.063 · Cited by 356
Photoinduced Damage to Cellular DNA: Direct and Photosensitized Reactions†
Cadet, J., Mouret, S., Ravanat, J., & Douki, T. (2012) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01200.x · Cited by 300
Pinto, A. V., Deodato, E. L., Cardoso, J. S., Oliveira, E. F., Machado, S. L., Toma, H. K., Leitão, A. C., & de Pádula, M. (2010) · Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.02.003 · Cited by 25
Nanosunscreens: from nanoencapsulated to nanosized cosmetic active forms
Wawrzynczak, A., Feliczak-Guzik, A., & Nowak, I. (2016) · Nanobiomaterials in Galenic Formulations and Cosmetics · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-42868-2.00002-4 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Murphy, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Beaumont Hospital (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Murphy, G. M.
- Venue
- Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-36
- ISSN
- 0905-4383 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0781
- OpenAlex
- W1990033353
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- sunscreen, photoprotection, mechanism of action, ultraviolet radiation, skin photoprotection
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Particle Size, Sunburn, Sunscreening Agents
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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