Being born in Sweden increases the risk for type 1 diabetes – a study of migration of children to Sweden as a natural experiment
Abstract
Aim To investigate whether the age of first exposure to a high-incidence country like Sweden determines the risk of T1DM in children with an origin in a low incidence region of the world. Methods Register study in a Swedish study population in the age 6-25 years in three categories of residents with an origin in low incidence regions of T1DM (Eastern Europe, East Asia, South Asia and Latin America); 24,252 international adoptees; 47,986 immigrants and 40,971 Swedish-born with two foreign-born parents and a comparison group of 1,770,092 children with Swedish-born parents. Retrieval of a prescription of insulin during 2006 was used as an indicator of T1DM and analysed with logistic regression. Results The odds ratios (OR) for T1DM were lower than the Swedish majority population for residents with an origin in the four low incidence regions. Being Swedish-born implied a higher risk for T1DM in the four low incidence study groups compared with the internationally adopted with an OR of 1.68 (CI 1.03-2.73). Conclusions Being born in Sweden increases the risk for T1DM in children with an origin in low incidence countries. This may imply that exposures in utero or very early infancy are important risk factors for T1DM.
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Other factors that complicate diagnosis of type 1 diabetes include the growing problem of obesity, difficulties in health-care provider recognition of disease, and increasingly diverse genetic admixtures due to migration and social changes.
“Other factors that complicate diagnosis of type 1 diabetes include the growing problem of obesity (both childhood and adult), difficulties in health-care provider recognition of disease, and increasingly diverse genetic admixtures due to migration and social changes.45–47”
From Type 1 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [46]
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“In Sweden, this has been accompanied by a shift to a younger age at onset (4).”
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Celiac Disease Does Not Influence Fracture Risk in Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
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- Authors
- Söderström, U., Åman, J., & Hjern, A.
- Affiliations
- Örebro University (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- ORCID
- Hjern, Anders
- Venue
- Acta Paediatrica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-08-11
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-77
- ISSN
- 0365-1436 (ISSN-L)
- 0803-5253
- 1651-2227
- OpenAlex
- W2114052879
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Paediatrica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, birthplace effects, international adoption, immigrant children, low-incidence countries, insulin prescription, prenatal exposure, diabetes risk factors, natural experiment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Asia, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, Eastern, Asia, Eastern, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Latin America, Male, Registries, Risk Factors, Sweden, Incidence, Odds Ratio, Emigrants and Immigrants, Young Adult
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