Molecular phylogeny and diversity of Myanmar and Bhutan mithun based on mtDNA sequences
Abstract
The mithun (Bos frontalis), synonymous with mithan and gayal, is considered to be a domesticated form of gaur (B. gaurus). However, there has been a controversy concerning its origin. In an effort to address this issue, the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) genes of 20 mithun from Myanmar and 13 from Bhutan were sequenced to trace its maternal origin. Seven cytb haplotypes were found in the 33 mithun, and the phylogenetic tree for these haplotypes clearly showed three embranchments involving five gaur types, a B. indicus type, and a B. taurus type. Sixteen Myanmar and 12 Bhutan mithun had gaur haplotypes, while a B. indicus haplotype was found in three Myanmar and one Bhutan mithun. The B. taurus haplotype was detected in a single Myanmar animal. These results demonstrated that the principal maternal origin of mithun was gaur and suggested that it was directly domesticated from gaur. However, some introgression of domestic cattle existed in current mithun populations. The presence of cattle mtDNA raised the question of how many cattle nuclear genes might have been integrated into the gene pool of mithun.
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Bos frontalis is the domestic form of Bos gaurus.
“The mithun/gayal/mithan Bos frontalis, the domestic form of Bos gaurus, is found in northeastern India, Bhutan, Myanmar, and China.”
From Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) (2018) · cites this paper as Tanaka et al. 2011
The majority of recent genetic studies have found evidence that B. frontalis is a domestic version of B. gaurus.
“Multiple studies in the last decade have genetically investigated whether B. frontalis is a domestic version of B. gaurus, and the majority of these studies have found evidence that this is indeed the case.”
From Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) (2018) · cites this paper as Tanaka et al. 2011
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Bos frontalis and Bos gaurus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)
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- Authors
- TANAKA, K., TAKIZAWA, T., MURAKOSHI, H., DORJI, T., NYUNT, M. M., MAEDA, Y., YAMAMOTO, Y., & NAMIKAWA, T.
- Affiliations
- Azabu University (JP)
- Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (BT)
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department (MM)
- Kagoshima University (JP)
- Hiroshima University (JP)
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- TANAKA, Kazuaki
- Venue
- Animal Science Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-10-04
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 52-56
- ISSN
- 1344-3941 (ISSN-L)
- 1740-0929
- OpenAlex
- W2153163076
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Animal Science Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Keywords
- mithun, Bos frontalis, gaur, Bos gaurus, domestication origin, maternal origin, cytochrome b haplotypes, mitochondrial DNA
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bhutan, Myanmar, Cattle, DNA, Mitochondrial, Gene Pool, Haplotypes, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Cytochromes b
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