The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
State and trait anxiety and depression in patients affected by gastrointestinal diseases: psychometric evaluation of 1641 patients referred to an internal medicine outpatient setting: Affective disorders in gastrointestinal diseases
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate state and trait form of anxiety and current depression in patients affected by gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS: We studied 1641 outpatients with gastrointestinal disorders, consecutively referred to our Internal Medicine outpatients from 1997 to 2005. State and trait anxiety were assessed by the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Current depression was assessed by the Zung self-rating depression scale. RESULTS: Among patients, 1379 (84.1%) showed state anxiety, 1098 (67%) showed trait anxiety and 442 (27%) showed current depression. The number of gastrointestinal diseases was directly correlated to state anxiety (p < 0.001) and trait anxiety (p = 0.04). Females showed higher levels of anxiety and depression than males (p < 0.001). State anxiety was related to food allergies (p < 0.001), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) (p = 0.001), Hp infection (p = 0.01) and ulcerative colitis in active phase (p = 0.03). Trait anxiety was related to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (p < 0.001), Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection (p = 0.001), food allergies (p = 0.001) and SIBO (p = 0.001). Current depression was related to IBS (p < 0.001) and coeliac disease (p = 0.01), SIBO (p = 0.02). A predicted probability of 0.77 +/- 0.16 to have state anxiety, of 0.66 +/- 0.12 to have trait anxiety and of 0.39 +/- 0.14 to have depression was found in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients who seek medical consultation for gastrointestinal problems show an associated affective disorder. These patients should be managed by a team including gastroenterologists, psychologists and/or psychiatrists, or by a gastroenterologist having expertise in the treatment of psychological disorders.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The pooled mean rate for all the studies reporting percentages (study n=8; total n=1,069) was 28.2% (± 2.7, 95% CI) (18, 27-29, 32, 33, 36, 39).”
From Controversies Revisited: A Systematic Review of the Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“The pooled mean rate of depressive symptoms for those with inactive IBD was 19.9% (± 2.05, 95% CI) (study n=10; total n=1,132) (18, 27-29, 32, 33, 36, 39, 40, 48).”
From Controversies Revisited: A Systematic Review of the Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“The pooled mean rate of depressive symptoms during active IBD was 34.7% (study n=5; total n=319) (18, 27, 29, 40, 48).”
From Controversies Revisited: A Systematic Review of the Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Of the remaining 15, 11 reported significantly higher rates or levels of anxiety in participants with active IBD compared to those with inactive IBD (n=13,585) (4, 18, 20, 27, 29, 31, 38, 41, 42, 44, 45).”
From Controversies Revisited: A Systematic Review of the Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Of the remaining 17 studies, 12 reported significantly higher rates or levels of depression for those with active IBD (n=13,553) (18, 20, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38, 41, 43, 45, 48).”
From Controversies Revisited: A Systematic Review of the Comorbidity of Depression and Anxiety with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2016) · cites this paper as [27]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
DiMatteo, M. R., Lepper, H. S., & Croghan, T. W. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.14.2101 · Cited by 4,177
A SIMPLE INDEX OF CROHN'S-DISEASE ACTIVITY
Harvey, R. F., & Bradshaw, J. M. (1980) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92767-1 · Cited by 2,974
Cortisone in Ulcerative Colitis
Truelove, S. C., & Witts, L. J. (1955) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4947.1041 · Cited by 2,793
Malfertheiner, P., Mégraud, F., O'Morain, C. A., Hungin, A. P. S., Jones, R. H., Axon, A. T. R., Graham, D. Y., Tytgat, G. N. J., & The European Helicobacter Pylori Study Group (EHPSG) (2002) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01169.x · Cited by 1,238
Prevalence and incidence studies of anxiety disorders: A systematic review of the literature
Somers, J. M., Goldner, E. M., Waraich, P., & Hsu, L. (2006) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370605100206 · Cited by 1,114
Self-Rating Depression Scale in an Outpatient Clinic
Zung, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01730060026004 · Cited by 1,075
Psychosocial Aspects of the Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Levy, R. L., Olden, K. W., Naliboff, B. D., Bradley, L. A., Francisconi, C., Drossman, D. A., & Creed, F. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.057 · Cited by 776
Drossman, D. A., Toner, B. B., Whitehead, W. E., Diamant, N. E., Dalton, C. B., Duncan, S., Emmott, S., Proffitt, V., Akman, D., Frusciante, K., et al. (2003) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00669-3 · Cited by 614
Prevalence and Incidence Studies of Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Waraich, P., Goldner, E. M., Somers, J. M., & Hsu, L. (2004) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370404900208 · Cited by 522
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–150 of 150
Bianco, A., Franco, I., Osella, A. R., Giannelli, G., Riezzo, G., Bonfiglio, C., Prospero, L., Sorino, P., & Russo, F. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189554 · Cited by 4
Ruscio, M., Guard, G., & Mather, J. (2022) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Hmar, E. B. L., Paul, S., Boruah, N., Sarkar, P., Borah, S., & Sharma, H. K. (2021) · Current Pathobiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40139-020-00218-6 · Cited by 4
Neurovascular coupling in the basolateral amygdala modulates negative emotions
Ruan, J., Quan, X., Xie, H., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Zhao, B., Lu, D., Niu, Y., Diao, M., et al. (2026) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-026-01256-2 · Cited by 3
Boutahar, K., Ihbour, S., Hadi, K., Kaoutar, K., Chetoui, A., Kardoudi, A. E., Najimi, M., & Chigr, F. (2022) · Portuguese Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1159/000528164 · Cited by 3
Ekici, E. M., Çelik, Ö. M., & Metin, Z. E. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-01158-x · Cited by 4
Logue, M. W., Bauver, S. R., Kremen, W. S., Franz, C. E., Eisen, S. A., Tsuang, M. T., Grant, M. D., & Lyons, M. J. (2011) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.14.1.16 · Cited by 3
Evaluation of bowel habits in patients with acne vulgaris
Daye, M., Cihan, F. G., Işık, B., & Hafızoğlu, B. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14903 · Cited by 3
Tezza, G., Paiola, G., Zoccante, L., Gandolfi, M., Smania, N., Ciceri, M. L., Boner, A. L., PIACENTINI, G. L., & Banzato, C. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000002968 · Cited by 3
Oliviero, G., Ruggiero, L., D'Antonio, E., Gagliardi, M., Nunziata, R., Sarno, A. D., Abbatiello, C., Feo, E. D., Vivo, S. D., Santonicola, A., et al. (2021) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14263 · Cited by 3
Nass, B. Y. S., Dibbets, P., & Markus, C. R. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13070755 · Cited by 3
Gamble, J., Skinner, M. A., & Jaeger, S. R. (2013) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/00070701311331508 · Cited by 2
SIBO - the present knowledge within the contekst of clinical dependencies and therapy
Więckowska-Deroń, M., Leszcz, M., Bieńko, K., Białek, J., ĆWIK-BŁOTNICKA, D., & Borczyk, J. (2023) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2023.23.01.002 · Cited by 2
O’Shaughnessy, K., Stack, W. A., Hayes, T., Kenny, E., & Jackson, L. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.21924 · Cited by 2
PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ACNE
Nosacheva, O. A., Karkashadze, G. A., & Namazov-Baranova, L. S. (2012) · Педиатрическая фармакология · doi:10.15690/pf.v9i4.389 · Cited by 2
Falato, E., Capone, F., Ranieri, F., Florio, L., Corbetto, M., Taffon, C., Niolu, C., Lorenzo, G. D., & Lazzaro, V. D. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10070426 · Cited by 2
Staab, J., Vonhören, L. M., Schwörer, H., & Meyer, T. (2023) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-023-00264-7 · Cited by 1
Prevalence and correlates of depression and depression-anxiety in patients receiving gastroscopy
Hua, F., Liu, C., & Li, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1585083 · Cited by 3
Link between gastric chronic diseases and anxiety in dogs.
Marion, M. (2017) · doi:10.4454/db.v3i3.63 · Cited by 1
Le microbiote intestinal gouverne-t-il notre cerveau ?
Fond, G. B. (2018) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2018.08.017 · Cited by 1
THE EVALUATION OF DEPRESSION AND SOCIAL ANXIETY AMONG CHILDREN WITH CELIAC DISEASE
Bükülmez, A., Oflu, A. T., İçiğen, E., Molon, L., & Koca, T. (2021) · Kocatepe tıp dergisi. · doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.763911 · Cited by 1
Johnson, K. R., Bohn-Gettler, C. M., Keyler, T. D., & Evenson, A. L. (2022) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2022.2076095 · Cited by 1
Beheshti, A., & Ahmadi, Z. (2015) · Enliven Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.18650/2379-5832.16010 · Cited by 1
The Role of the Indigenous Gut Microbiota in Human Health and Disease
Vunk, T. R., & Burkholder, K. M. (2017) · Advances in environmental microbiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60616-3_4 · Cited by 1
Hussein, A. H., Saeed, M. N., & Hassan, A. A. (2020) · University of Thi-Qar Journal of Medicine · doi:10.32792/utq/utjmed/18/2/7 · Cited by 1
Alternative, complementary medicine and cannabinoids for gastroparesis
Itzoe, M. S. M., Lee, T.-Y., & Lee, L. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818586-5.00028-4 · Cited by 1
García-Alanis, M., Toapanta-Yanchapaxi, L. N., Reyes-Velásquez, A., Mancilla, F., Pérez-Mayo, I., & Yamamoto-Furusho, J. K. (2023) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología · doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2023.01.003 · Cited by 1
Stabell, N. (2014) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Lee, E. J. (2010) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
Üst gastrointestinal endoskopi işlemi öncesi anksiyete düzeyini etkileyen faktörler
Unal, H. U., Özçürümez, G., SARITAfi, F., Korkmaz, M., & Selçuk, H. (2015) · Endoskopi Gastrointestinal · doi:10.17940/endoskopi.74819
Psychological Co-morbidities of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Keefer, L., Kiebles, J. L., & Taft, T. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0029-6_10
Primary care management of celiac disease
Robinson, B. L., Davis, S. C., Vess, J., & Lebel, J. (2015) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000459728.54533.ac
Dietary Peptides and the Spectrum of Food Hypersensitivities
Gariépy, C. (2015) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b19089-16
Psychotropic Medication Use Among Patients with Celiac Disease
Zylberberg, H. M., Ludvigsson, J. F., Green, P. H. R., & Lebwohl, B. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(17)31187-3
Fond, G. B., Boukouaci, W., Chevalier, G., Regnault, A., Eberl, G., Hamdani, N., Dickerson, F., Macgregor, A., Boyer, L., Dargél, A., et al. (2014)
Ambulatory Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Associated with Depression
Donatini, B., & Le Blaye, I. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.16966/2471-4925.199
Psychological and Nutritional Factors in Pelvic Floor Disorders
Quinton, S., & Doerfler, B. (2022) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2021.10.009
Critical Inspection of the Gut–Brain–Skin Triangle and Its Modulation Through Probiotics
Chugh, P., Sood, S., & Dhar, M. S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6760-2_2
Alkalmazott egészségpszichológia a belgyógyászati ellátásban
Sánta, A., Lucza, L., & Rafael, B. (2022) · doi:10.14232/sztep.pszibet.2022.2
García-Alanis, M., Toapanta-Yanchapaxi, L. N., Reyes-Velásquez, A., Mancilla, F., Pérez-Mayo, I., & Yamamoto-Furusho, J. K. (2023) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.gastre.2023.11.001
Management of Abdominal Pain in Patients with Gastroparesis and Gastroparesis-Like Syndromes
Chhabra, G., Naing, L. Y., Omer, E. M., Stocker, A. M., & Abell, T. L. (2023) · Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-023-00434-0
Celiac disease in adult patients
Ciacci, C., Micco, I. D., Stefano, M. D., & Mengoli, C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13359-6.00001-7
Gluten free diet, assessment of its adherence, and quality of life
Zingone, F., & Zanini, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13359-6.00011-x
Placebo-Controlled Trials in the Management of Crohn’s Disease: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses
Silva, R., de Azevedo, J. N., Machado, J. P., & Rodrigues, J. M. (2025) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci13010012
Attentional Biases in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients
Tkalčić, M., Tončić, M., Pletikosić, S., Perić, R. T., & Hauser, G. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mcg.0000000000002200
Söderquist, F., Syk, M., Just, D., Kurbalija Novicic, Z., Rasmusson, A. J., Hellström, P. M., Ramklint, M., & Cunningham, J. L. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13226348
Galmiche, M. C. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/86478abdzfb8bz4442z8e08z65e991beb2b0
Bolat, H., & Kurt, A. (2026) · Pamukkale Medical Journal · doi:10.31362/patd.1747044
Womack, J., Kohman, W., Devlin, J., Nader, R., & Espiridion, E. D. (2026) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-026-05255-w
Peris, M. A. (2009) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Metadata
- Authors
- Addolorato, G., Mirijello, A., D’Angelo, C., Leggio, L., Ferrulli, A., Abenavoli, L., Vonghia, L., Cardone, S., Leso, V., Cossari, A., Capristo, E., & Gasbarrini, G.
- Affiliations
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- University of Calabria (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2008-04-18
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1063-1069
- ISSN
- 1368-5031 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1573315265
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, gastrointestinal diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, Helicobacter pylori infection, celiac disease, food allergy, ulcerative colitis, sex differences, mood disorders, psychosomatic medicine
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
