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Cited by 792Vitamin C and Antioxidants ResearchAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRedox biology and oxidative stress

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 158 of the 159 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Vitamin C. Biosynthesis, recycling and degradation in mammals

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Linster, Carole L., Van Schaftingen, Emile·2007·The FEBS Journal
DOI 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x
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Abstract

Vitamin C, a reducing agent and antioxidant, is a cofactor in reactions catalyzed by Cu(+)-dependent monooxygenases and Fe(2+)-dependent dioxygenases. It is synthesized, in vertebrates having this capacity, from d-glucuronate. The latter is formed through direct hydrolysis of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronate by enzyme(s) bound to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, sharing many properties with, and most likely identical to, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Non-glucuronidable xenobiotics (aminopyrine, metyrapone, chloretone and others) stimulate the enzymatic hydrolysis of UDP-glucuronate, accounting for their effect to increase vitamin C formation in vivo. Glucuronate is converted to l-gulonate by aldehyde reductase, an enzyme of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. l-Gulonate is converted to l-gulonolactone by a lactonase identified as SMP30 or regucalcin, whose absence in mice leads to vitamin C deficiency. The last step in the pathway of vitamin C synthesis is the oxidation of l-gulonolactone to l-ascorbic acid by l-gulonolactone oxidase, an enzyme associated with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and deficient in man, guinea pig and other species due to mutations in its gene. Another fate of glucuronate is its conversion to d-xylulose in a five-step pathway, the pentose pathway, involving identified oxidoreductases and an unknown decarboxylase. Semidehydroascorbate, a major oxidation product of vitamin C, is reconverted to ascorbate in the cytosol by cytochrome b(5) reductase and thioredoxin reductase in reactions involving NADH and NADPH, respectively. Transmembrane electron transfer systems using ascorbate or NADH as electron donors serve to reduce semidehydroascorbate present in neuroendocrine secretory vesicles and in the extracellular medium. Dehydroascorbate, the fully oxidized form of vitamin C, is reduced spontaneously by glutathione, as well as enzymatically in reactions using glutathione or NADPH. The degradation of vitamin C in mammals is initiated by the hydrolysis of dehydroascorbate to 2,3-diketo-l-gulonate, which is spontaneously degraded to oxalate, CO(2) and l-erythrulose. This is at variance with bacteria such as Escherichia coli, which have enzymatic degradation pathways for ascorbate and probably also dehydroascorbate.

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  1. Moreau R, 1998, Fish acquired ascorbic acid synthesis prior to terrestrial vertebrate emergence, Free Radic Biol Med, 25, 989

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Metadata

Authors
Linster, C. L., & Van Schaftingen, E.
Affiliations
de Duve Institute (BE)
ORCID
Linster, Carole L.
Venue
The FEBS Journal
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-12-06
Volume
274
Issue
1
Pages
1-22
ISSN
  • 1742-464X (ISSN-L)
  • 1742-4658
DOI
10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05607.x
OpenAlex
W2065016714
Cited by
757
References
159
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 37
FWCI
2.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • FEBS Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
  • Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords
vitamin C, ascorbic acid biosynthesis, UDP-glucuronate, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, aldehyde reductase, aldo-keto reductase superfamily, L-gulonolactone oxidase, SMP30, regucalcin, dehydroascorbic acid, glutathione, vitamin C degradation, scurvy
MeSH terms
Animals, Ascorbic Acid, Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases, Escherichia coli, Glucuronates, Humans, Hydrolysis, Mammals, Models, Biological, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid, L-Gulonolactone Oxidase

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