Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 18

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prevalence of Undiagnosed Testosterone Deficiency in Aging Athletes: Does Exercise Training Influence the Symptoms of Male Hypogonadism?

Di Luigi, Luigi, Sgrò, Paolo, Fierro, Valentina, Bianchini, Serena, Battistini, Giancarlo, Magini, Valter, Jannini, Emmanuele A., Lenzi, Andrea·2010·The Journal of Sexual Medicine
DOI 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01694.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Introduction: Worldwide many aging males practice sports. A high prevalence of late-onset male hypogonadism has been observed in general population. Sport-participation influences the neuroendocrine system and may decrease serum testosterone. Aim: This preliminary study was designed to estimate the prevalence and the symptoms of undiagnosed testosterone deficiency in aging athletes. Methods: This observational survey was performed in 183 caucasian male athletes >50 years, in the setting of pre-participation screening. Pituitary–gonadal hormones and symptoms of hypogonadism were investigated. Serum total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), free-T4, and thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) were assayed, and free T, bioactive T, and the LH/TT ratio were calculated. The International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF-15) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were administered. Hypogonadal athletes were compared with eugonadal athletes as controls. Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence and clinical symptoms of severe (TT<8 nmol/L) or mild (8 nmol/L ≤ TT<12 nmol/L) testosterone deficiency were investigated. Results: The mean sample age was 61.9 ± 7.5 years (range 50–75). Severe or mild testosterone deficiency was observed in 12% and 18%, respectively, of overall athletes, with the highest prevalence in athletes >70 years (27.5% and 25.0%, respectively). TT did not correlate with age, training duration, or questionnaire scores. No differences were observed for nonspecific symptoms of hypogonadism, IIEF-15 and CES-D scores between eugonadal and severe hypogonadal athletes. Conclusions: Independently of its etiology, a significant percentage of aging athletes had undiagnosed testosterone deficiency. In a relevant number of these cases, testosterone deficiency was not overtly symptomatic. Our results suggest that sport-participation per se can influence the symptoms of hypogonadism. The history of clinical symptoms may be inaccurate to diagnose testosterone deficiency in aging athletes. Future research should address the clinical relevance and the specific risks of testosterone deficiency in aging athletes, and the need of a systematic pre-participation serum testosterone evaluation.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01694.x

Cites

12 of 12 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 12 references

Research works printed but not linked: 33

  1. Di Luigi, 2002, Physical stress and qualitative gonadotropin secretion: LH biological activity at rest and after exercise in trained and untrained men, Int J Sports Med, 23, 307, 10.1055/s-2002-33149 · DOI
  2. McColl, 1989, The effects of acute exercise on pulsatile LH release in high-mileage male runners, Clin Endocrinol, 31, 617, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01286.x · DOI · Paper page
  3. Hacnkey, 2008, Effect of endurance exercise on the reproductive system o men: The “exercise-hypogonadal male condition.”, J Endocrinol Invest, 31, 932, 10.1007/BF03346444 · DOI
  4. Seftel, 2006, Male hypogonadism. Part I: Epidemiology of hypogonadism, Int J Impot Res, 8, 115, 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901397 · DOI
  5. Travison, 2007, The relative contributions of aging, health, and lifestyle factors to serum testosterone decline in men, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, 549, 10.1210/jc.2006-1859 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Corona, 2008, Low level of androgens in men with erectile dysfunction, J Sex Med, 5, 2454, 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00856.x · DOI · Paper page
  7. Corona, 2009, Impairment of couple relationship in male patients with sexual dysfunction is associated with overt hypogonadism, J Sex Med, 6, 2591, 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01352.x · DOI
  8. Rizvi, 2010, The relationship between testosterone and sexual function in depressed and healthy men, J Sex Med, 7, 816, 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01504.x · DOI
  9. Harman, 2001, Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, 724, 10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Kaufman, 2005, The decline of androgen levels in elderly men and its clinical and therapeutic implications, Endocr Rev, 26, 833, 10.1210/er.2004-0013 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Orwoll, 2006, Testosterone and estradiol among older men, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 1336, 10.1210/jc.2005-1830 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Bhasin, 2001, Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle, J Endocrinol, 170, 27, 10.1677/joe.0.1700027 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Zitzmann, 2001, Testosterone levels in healthy men and the relation to behavioural and physical characteristics: Facts and constructs, Eur J Endocrinol, 144, 183, 10.1530/eje.0.1440183 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Hintikka, 2009, Hypogonadism, decreased sexual desire, and long-term depression in middle-aged men, J Sex Med, 6, 2049, 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01299.x · DOI
  15. Craig, 2003, International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35, 1381, 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB · DOI · Paper page
  16. Weissman, 1977, Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: A validation study, Am J Epidemiol, 106, 203, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112455 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Vermeulen, 1999, A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, 3666, 10.1210/jcem.84.10.6079 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Di Luigi, 2005, Androgenic-anabolic steroids abuse in males, J Endocrinol Invest, 28, 81
  19. Hackney, 2006, Exercise as a stressor to the human neuroendocrine system, Medicina, 42, 788
  20. Zmuda, 1996, Exercise increases serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in older men, Metabolism, 45, 935, 10.1016/S0026-0495(96)90258-9 · DOI
  21. Willoughby, 2004, Effects of sequential bouts of resistance exercise on androgen receptor expression, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 36, 1499, 10.1249/01.MSS.0000139795.83030.D1 · DOI
  22. Baker, 2006, Effects of age on testosterone responses to resistance exercise and musculoskeletal variables in men, J Strength Cond Res, 20, 874
  23. Makhlouf, 2008, Hypogonadism is associated with overt depression symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction, Int J Impot Res, 20, 157, 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901576 · DOI
  24. Uckert, 2003, Is there an inhibitory role of cortisol in the mechanism of male sexual arousal and penile erection?, Urol Res, 31, 402, 10.1007/s00240-003-0359-5 · DOI
  25. Lenzi, 2003, Stress, sexual dysfunctions, and male infertility, J Endocrinol Invest, 26, 72
  26. Celec, 2003, Testosterone: An overview; insights into its physiology and clinical implications, Int J Endocrinol Metab, 2, 84
  27. Orwoll, 2006, Osteoporotic fractures in men study group. Endogenous testosterone levels, physical performance, and fall risk in older men, Arch Intern Med, 166, 2124, 10.1001/archinte.166.19.2124 · DOI
  28. Isidori, 2005, Effects of testosterone on body composition, bone metabolism and serum lipid profile in middle-aged men: A meta-analysis, Clin Endocrinol, 63, 280, 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02339.x · DOI · Paper page
  29. Nieschlag, 2004, Testosterone replacement therapy: Current trends and future directions, Hum Reprod Update, 10, 409, 10.1093/humupd/dmh035 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Bhasin, 2006, Testosterone therapy in adult men with androgen deficiency syndromes: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 91, 1995, 10.1210/jc.2005-2847 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Taylor, 2009, Clomiphene citrate and testosterone gel replacement therapy for male hypogonadism: Efficacy and treatment cost, J Sex Med
  32. Gooren, 2008, Testosterone treatment of hypogonadal men participating in competitive sports, Andrologia, 40, 195, 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00838.x · DOI
  33. Langham, 2008, Health-related quality of life instruments in studies of adult men with testosterone deficiency syndrome: A critical assessment, J Sex Med, 5, 2842, 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01015.x · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Di Luigi, L., Sgrò, P., Fierro, V., Bianchini, S., Battistini, G., Magini, V., Jannini, E. A., & Lenzi, A.
Affiliations
  • Department of Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico,” , Rome , Italy
  • Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico,” , Rome , Italy
  • Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L’Aquila , L’Aquila , Italy
  • Department of Medical Physiopathology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
Venue
The Journal of Sexual Medicine
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2010-07-01
Volume
7
Issue
7
Pages
2591-2601
ISSN
  • 1743-6109
  • 1743-6095
DOI
10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01694.x
Cited by
18
References
12
Language
en
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.