The Paradox of Obesity in Patients with Heart Failure
Abstract
Purpose: Heart failure (HF) patients often have comorbid conditions that confound management and adversely affect prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the obesity paradox is also present in hospitalized HF patients in an integrated healthcare system. Data sources: A cohort of 2707 patients with a primary diagnosis of HF was identified within an integrated, 20‐hospital healthcare system. Patients were identified by ICD‐9 codes or a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% dating back to 1995. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the first measured height and weight when hospitalized with HF. Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan Meier estimation. Hazard ratios for 3‐year mortality with 95% confidence intervals were assessed using Cox regression, controlling for age, gender, and severity of illness at time of diagnosis. Conclusions: Three‐year survival rates paradoxically improved for patients with increasing BMI. Survival rates for the larger three BMI quartiles were significantly better than for the lowest quartile after adjusting for severity of illness, age, and gender. Implications for practice: While obesity increases the risk of developing HF approximately twofold, reports involving stable outpatients suggest that obesity is associated with improved survival after the development of HF. This finding is paradoxical because obesity increases the risk and worsens the prognosis of other cardiovascular diseases.
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A growing number of recent reports document a statistically significant survival benefit in obese patients once they have been diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases.
“While it is widely accepted that obesity increases the risk of developing heart disease, a growing number of recent reports document a statistically significant survival benefit in obese patients once they have been diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (128, 144, 145, 200, 201, 211, 244).”
From Cardiac remodeling in obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [128]
In a study tracking 3-yr survival rates in patients post-myocardial infarction, survival improved as BMI increased after adjusting for severity of illness, age, and gender.
“Another study tracking 3-yr survival rates in patients post-myocardial infarction (MI) clearly showed improvements as BMI increased after adjusting for severity of illness, age, and gender (128).”
From Cardiac remodeling in obesity (2008) · cites this paper as [128]
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- Authors
- Hall, J. A., French, T. K., Rasmusson, K. D., Vesty, J. C., Roberts, C. A., Rimmasch, H. L., Kfoury, A. G., & Renlund, D. G.
- Affiliations
- LDS Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hall, Jill A.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-11-16
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 542-546
- ISSN
- 1041-2972 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-7599
- OpenAlex
- W1973315181
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- obesity paradox, heart failure, body mass index, survival, mortality, comorbidities, integrated health system, hospitalized patients, prognosis
- MeSH terms
- Heart Failure, Humans, Inpatients, Multi-Institutional Systems, Obesity, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Stroke Volume, Utah, Comorbidity, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Body Mass Index, Survival Rate, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, Risk Assessment, Malnutrition
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