The DOI matches its Crossref record; 108 of the 108 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
LOW SELF‐CONTROL, ROUTINE ACTIVITIES, AND FRAUD VICTIMIZATION*
Abstract
Recent research has used both routine activity/lifestyle frameworks and self‐control theory to explain victimization. Thus far, combined tests of these theories have focused on offending populations and street crime victimization. Whether these frameworks also explain exposure to and likelihood of nonviolent victimization (e.g., fraud) in general‐population samples remains an open empirical question. Building on prior work, we assess the independent effects of routine consumer activities (i.e., remote purchasing) and low self‐control on the likelihood of fraud targeting and victimization. Using a representative sample of 922 adults from a statewide survey in Florida, the results confirm our expectation that remote‐purchasing activities increase consumers' risk of being targeted for fraud. Low self‐control has no effect on whether consumers are targeted, but it does significantly increase the likelihood of fraud victimization.
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“Other surveys on fraud have found little to no association between race and risk of victimization (e.g., Holtfreter et al. 2008;Mesch and Dodel 2018), but sample sizes were significantly smaller and these studies focused on online forms of fraud.”
From Profiling consumers who reported mass marketing scams: demographic characteristics and emotional sentiments associated with victimization (2024) · cites this paper as Holtfreter et al. 2008
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On the overlap between victimization and offending: A review of the literature
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SELF‐CONTROL AND VICTIMIZATION: A META‐ANALYSIS
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“Recent research has, however, addressed this issue with the work of Holtfreter and colleagues, which revealed that low self-control is predictive of fraud and online victimization (see Holtfreter, Reisig, and Pratt, 2008; Holtfreter et al., 2010; Reisig, Pratt, and Holtfreter, 2009).”
Self-citationPratt, T. C., Holtfreter, K., & Reisig, M. D. (2010) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427810365903 · Cited by 411
Self-citationReyns, B. W., Henson, B., & Fisher, B. S. (2011) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854811421448 · Cited by 411
“…across different samples (e.g., Cohen, Felson, & Land, 1980; Cohen, Kluegel, & Land, 1981; Fisher, Daigle, & Cullen, 2010; Fisher et al., 1998; Holtfreter et al., 2008; Miethe & Meier, 1990; Mustaine & Tewksbury, 1999; Pratt et al., 2010; Schreck & Fisher, 2004; Schreck, Wright, & Miller,…”
BackgroundReyns, B. W. (2013) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427811425539 · Cited by 287
“Early efforts to apply routine activity theory to crimes in which the victim and offender do not intersect in time and space have yielded mixed, but encouraging results (e.g., Choi 2008; Holt and Bossler 2009; Holtfreter et al. 2008; Marcum, Higgins, and Ricketts 2010; Pratt et al. 2010).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- HOLTFRETER, K., REISIG, M. D., & PRATT, T. C.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Washington State University (US)
- Venue
- Criminology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 189-220
- ISSN
- 0011-1384 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-9125
- OpenAlex
- W2050792701
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 48.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Criminology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Keywords
- self-control theory, routine activity theory, fraud victimization, consumer fraud
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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