OPEN‐FIELD BEHAVIOR IN THE RAT: WHAT DOES IT MEAN?*
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Markers of activity (rearings, total distance covered, bouts of locomotion) reflect arousal upon OF arena exploration.
“Markers of activity (rearings, total distance covered, bouts of locomotion) were also recorded since, although interpretation can be challenging ( Denenberg, 1969), they do reflect arousal upon OF arena exploration.”
From Stage 2 Registered Report: Refinement of tickling protocols to improve positive animal welfare in laboratory rats (2025) · cites this paper as Denenberg, 1969
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Effects of cage enrichment on behavior, welfare and outcome variability in female mice
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An ethological analysis of open-field behavior in rats and mice
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PLYUSNINA, I., & OSKINA, I. (1997) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00445-3 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Effect of Y1 receptor deficiency on motor activity, exploration, and anxiety
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Agusti, A., Moya-Pérez, A., Campillo, I., Montserrat-de la Paz, S., Cerrudo, V., Perez-Villalba, A., & Sanz, Y. (2018) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-017-0768-z · Cited by 85 · see citing works
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Selective Breeding for an Infantile Phenotype (Isolation Calling)
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Effects of pre-and neonatal nicotine exposure in rodents: inconsistent evidence
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Bombail, V., Brown, S. M., Beyts, C., Martin, J. E., Li, T., Meddle, S. L., Mendl, M., Robinson, E. S., Hammond, T. J., Nielsen, B. L., et al. (2025) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.166417.2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Denenberg, V. H.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Denenberg, Victor H.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1969-07
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 852-859
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2127612581
- Cited by
- 582
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- open field behavior, rats, exploratory behavior, anxiety, locomotion
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Corticosterone, Defecation, Emotions, Environment, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Methods, Pregnancy, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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