The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuroendocrinology and Pathophysiology of the Stress System
Abstract
The human organism is in a state of dynamic equilibrium, homeostasis. The stress system is activated when homeostasis is challenged by extrinsic or intrinsic forces, the stressors. This system, whose central component is the central nervous system (CNS) and includes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and noradrenergic neurons, respectively, in the hypothalamus and the brain stem, has as its peripheral limbs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic (sympathetic) nervous system. Normal development and preservation of life and species are dependent on a normally functioning stress system. Maladaptive neuroendocrine responses, i.e., dysregulation of the stress system, may lead to disturbances in growth and development, and cause psychiatric, endocrine/metabolic, and/or autoimmune diseases or vulnerability to such diseases.
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“When structures in the limbic system perceive a threat (e.g., pain, extreme temperatures, aggressor), the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus secretes corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (AVP) to the anterior pituitary gland (Stratakis and Chrousos, 1995).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Stratakis and Chrousos, 1995
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Metadata
- Authors
- STRATAKIS, C. A., & CHROUSOS, G. P.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-12
- Volume
- 771
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-18
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2056702525
- Cited by
- 533
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- stress system, neuroendocrinology, homeostasis, stressors, corticotropin-releasing factor, noradrenergic neurons, hypothalamus, brainstem, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, growth and development, mental illness, autoimmune disease, endocrine and metabolic diseases
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Animals, Digestive System Physiological Phenomena, Growth, Humans, Hypothalamus, Immunity, Metabolism, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress, Physiological, Thyroid Hormones
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