Cited by 181Aldose Reductase and TaurineProstate Cancer Treatment and ResearchEstrogen and related hormone effects

Steroid hormone transforming aldo–keto reductases and cancer

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Penning, Trevor M., Byrns, Michael C.·2009·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Prostate and breast cancer are hormone-dependent malignancies of the aging male and female and require the local production of androgens and estrogens to stimulate cell proliferation. Aldo-keto reductases (AKR) play key roles in this process. In the prostate, AKR1C3 (type 5 17beta-HSD) reduces Delta(4)-androstene-3,17-dione to yield testosterone while AKR1C2 (type 3 3alpha-HSD) eliminates 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT), and AKR1C1 forms 3beta-androstanediol (a ligand for ERbeta). In the breast, AKR1C3 forms testosterone, which is converted to 17beta-estradiol by aromatase or reduces estrone to 17beta-estradiol directly. AKR1C3 also acts as a prostaglandin (PG) F synthase and forms PGF(2alpha) and 11beta-PGF(2alpha), which stimulate the FP receptor and prevent the activation of PPARgamma by PGJ(2) ligands. This proproliferative signaling may stimulate the growth of hormone-dependent and -independent prostate and breast cancer.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03700.x

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  • AKR1 enzymes preferentially act as reductases in vivo because they have nanomolar NADPH Kd values, a high cellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio, and NADPH inhibits NAD+-dependent oxidation at low micromolar concentrations.

    “These enzymes preferably act as reductases in vivo since they have Kd values for NADPH in the nanomolar range, there is a high NADPH/NADP+ ratio within cells and NADPH inhibits the NAD+ dependent oxidation reactions at low μM concentrations”

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Authors
Penning, T. M., & Byrns, M. C.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
Penning, Trevor M.
Venue
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-02
Volume
1155
Issue
1
Pages
33-42
ISSN
  • 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-6632
OpenAlex
W2150662398
Cited by
181
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 16
FWCI
1.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA090744)
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES013508)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Aldose Reductase and Taurine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Keywords
aldose reductase, AKR1C3, AKR1C2, AKR1C1, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hormone-dependent tumors, androgen production, estrogen synthesis, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, aromatase, prostaglandin F synthase, prostaglandin F2alpha, FP receptor, PPARγ, estrogen receptor beta, tumor cell proliferation
MeSH terms
Aldo-Keto Reductases, Alcohol Oxidoreductases, Aldehyde Reductase, Androgens, Breast, Breast Neoplasms, Chromosome Mapping, Enzyme Inhibitors, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases, Isoenzymes, Male, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms

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