Cited by 238HIV Research and TreatmentNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsInfectious Diseases and Tuberculosis

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Human Brain Parenchymal Microglia Express CD14 and CD45 and are Productively Infected by HIV‐1 in HIV‐1 Encephalitis

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Cosenza;, Melissa A., Zhao;, Meng‐Liang, Si;, Qiusheng, Lee, Sunhee C.·2002·Brain Pathology

DOI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00461.xPMC PMC8095974

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Abstract

Microglia are endogenous brain macrophages that show distinct phenotypes such as expression of myeloid antigens, ramified morphology, and presence within the neural parenchyma. They play significant roles in a number of human CNS diseases including AIDS dementia. Together with monocytederived (perivascular) macrophages, microglia represent a major target of HIV‐1 infection. However, a recent report challenged this notion based on findings in SIV encephalitis. This study concluded that perivascular macrophages can be distinguished from parenchymal microglial cells by their expression of CD14 and CD45, and that macrophages, but not microglia, are productively infected in SIV and HIV encephalitis. To address whether parenchymal microglia are productively infected in HIV encephalitis, we analyzed expression of CD14, CD45 and HIV‐1 p24 in human brain. Microglia were identified based on their characteristic ramified morphology and location in the neural parenchyma. We found that parenchymal microglia are CD14+ (activated), CD45+ (resting and activated), and constitute approximately two thirds of the p24+ cells in HIV encephalitis cases. These results demonstrate that microglia are major targets of infection by HIV‐1, and delineate possible differences between HIVE and SIVE. Because productively infected tissue macrophages serve as the major viral reservoir, these findings have important implications for AIDS.

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Authors: Cosenza;, M. A., Zhao;, M., Si;, Q., & Lee, S. C.
Affiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Lee, Sunhee C.
Venue: Brain Pathology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2002-10
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
Pages: 442-455
ISSN: 1015-6305 (ISSN-L)
1750-3639
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00461.x
PMC: PMC8095974
OpenAlex: W1990773400
Cited by: 238
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 3.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1282 d)
Locations: Brain Pathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01ai044641-04)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH055477, R24-MH-59724, R24MH059724, MH 55477)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI44641)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Keywords: microglia, HIV-1 encephalitis, CD14, CD45, perivascular macrophages, SIV encephalitis, HIV-1 p24 antigen, HIV-associated dementia, viral reservoir, brain macrophages
MeSH terms: Adult, Antigens, Surface, Brain, Cells, Cultured, Female, Fetus, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Macrophages, Male, Middle Aged, Monocytes, Biomarkers, HIV-1, AIDS Dementia Complex, HIV Core Protein p24, Leukocyte Common Antigens, Microglia, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Cell Size

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Human Brain Parenchymal Microglia Express CD14 and CD45 and are Productively Infected by HIV‐1 in HIV‐1 Encephalitis

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