Physiological and haematological findings and clinical observations in a model of acute systemic anaphylaxis in Dirofilaria immitis‐sensitised cats
Abstract
Objective This study aims to understand the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis in Dirofilaria immitis‐sensitised cats by analysing objective physiological and haematological measurements after challenge. Design Nineteen healthy D immitis‐ naïve cats were sensitised using weekly injections of aluminium hydroxide‐adjuvanted D immitis antigen, administered subcutaneously over 6 weeks. After sensitisation, cats (n = 16) were anaesthetised and challenged with intravenous D immitis antigen. A control group (n = 3) was sham‐challenged using intravenous sterile 0.9% saline. Systolic blood pressure (measured non‐invasively/indirectly), respiratory rate, degree of dyspnoea, blood O 2 saturation, expired CO 2, and heart rate and were measured immediately before and at 10 to 15 min intervals after challenge until terminal apnoea occurred or euthanasia at 140 mins post‐challenge. Blood was collected for complete blood count immediately before and at 10, 20 and 35 mins after challenge. Clinical observations were recorded as they occurred. Results Antigen‐challenged cats were divided into two groups: acute (apnoea occurred within 25 mins of challenge) and subacute (breathing at 25 mins after challenge). In both groups, the degree of dyspnoea increased and blood O 2 saturation and blood pressure decreased. Respiratory rate increased in the subacute group. Expired CO 2 decreased in both Ag‐challenged and control groups. Haematocrit increased in the subacute group. Neutrophil count decreased in the acute group and platelet count decreased in the subacute group. Eosinophil count decreased in the subacute and control groups. Sustained dyspnoea and gastrointestinal signs were the most common clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis in the antigen‐challenged cats. Conclusions Intravenous challenge with D immitis antigen in sensitised cats results in dyspnoea, hypoxaemia and systemic hypotension accompanied by haemoconcentration.
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- Authors
- LITSTER, A., & ATWELL, R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Venue
- Australian Veterinary Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 151-157
- ISSN
- 0005-0423 (ISSN-L)
- 1751-0813
- OpenAlex
- W1967095410
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Australian Veterinary Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Keywords
- Dirofilaria immitis, feline heartworm disease, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, antigen challenge, hypotension, hypoxemia, dyspnea, hemoconcentration, hematological changes, neutrophil count, eosinophil count, platelet count
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Anaphylaxis, Animals, Hypoxia, Antigens, Helminth, Apnea, Cat Diseases, Cats, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Hypotension, Random Allocation, Time Factors
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