Cited by 109Sodium Intake and HealthBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesNutritional Studies and Diet

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ASH Position Paper: Dietary Approaches to Lower Blood Pressure

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Appel, Lawrence J., on Behalf of the American Society of Hypertension Writing Group·2009·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension

DOI 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00136.xPMC PMC8673392

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Abstract

A substantial body of evidence has implicated several aspects of diet in the pathogenesis of elevated blood pressure (BP). Well‐established risk factors for elevated BP include excess salt intake, low potassium intake, excess weight, high alcohol consumption, and suboptimal dietary pattern. African Americans are especially sensitive to the BP‐raising effects of excess salt intake, insufficient potassium intake, and suboptimal diet. In this setting, dietary changes have the potential to substantially reduce racial disparities in BP and its consequences. In view of the age‐related rise in BP in both children and adults, the direct, progressive relationship of BP with cardiovascular‐renal diseases throughout the usual range of BP, and the worldwide epidemic of BP‐related disease, efforts to reduce BP in nonhypertensive as well as hypertensive individuals are warranted. In nonhypertensives, dietary changes can lower BP and delay, if not prevent, hypertension. In uncomplicated stage I hypertension, dietary changes serve as initial treatment before drug therapy. In hypertensive individuals already on drug therapy, lifestyle modifications can further lower BP. The current challenge is designing and implementing effective clinical and public health interventions that lead to sustained dietary changes among individuals and more broadly in the general population.

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Authors: Appel, L. J., & on Behalf of the American Society of Hypertension Writing Group
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Appel, Lawrence J.
ORCID: Appel, Lawrence J.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-06-29
Volume: 11
Issue: 7
Pages: 358-368
ISSN: 1524-6175 (ISSN-L)
1751-7176
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2009.00136.x
PMC: PMC8673392
OpenAlex: W2035054318
Cited by: 109
References: 121
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 10.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Hypertension (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: salt intake, potassium intake, African Americans, hypertension prevention, stage 1 hypertension, lifestyle modification, alcohol consumption, overweight, dietary habits, cardiovascular-renal disease, public health interventions
MeSH terms: Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Animals, Blood Pressure, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, Humans, Hypertension, Potassium, Diet, Vegetarian, Weight Loss, Health Behavior, Treatment Outcome, Evidence-Based Medicine, Young Adult

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