Cited by 1,167Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesSodium Intake and HealthCardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

Hypertension.

Open access
Oparil, Suzanne, Acelajado, Maria Czarina, Bakris, George L., Berlowitz, Dan R., Cífková, Renata, Dominiczak, Anna F., Grassi, Guido, Jordan, Jens +3 more·2018·Nature Reviews Disease Primers

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of their condition, and many others are aware but not treated or inadequately treated, although successful treatment of hypertension reduces the global burden of disease and mortality. The aetiology of hypertension involves the complex interplay of environmental and pathophysiological factors that affect multiple systems, as well as genetic predisposition. The evaluation of patients with hypertension includes accurate standardized blood pressure (BP) measurement, assessment of the patients' predicted risk of atherosclerotic CVD and evidence of target-organ damage, and detection of secondary causes of hypertension and presence of comorbidities (such as CVD and kidney disease). Lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications and increased physical activity, are effective in lowering BP and preventing hypertension and its CVD sequelae. Pharmacological therapy is very effective in lowering BP and in preventing CVD outcomes in most patients; first-line antihypertensive medications include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers and thiazide diuretics.

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  1. [113]WHO| Guideline Sodium intake for adults and children Sodium intake for adults and children 23658998
  2. [168]Spiering W LB02.05: Controlling and lowering blood pressure with the Mobiushd device: first in-man results (CALM-FIM study). J. Hypertens 33, e86 (2015).
  3. [193]Bhatt DL A Controlled Trial of Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med 370, 1393– 1401 (2014). 24678939
  4. [204]Whelton PK Epidemiology and the Prevention of Hypertension. J. Clin. Hypertens 6, 636– 642 (2004). PMC8109397 15538097

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Authors
Oparil, S., Acelajado, M. C., Bakris, G. L., Berlowitz, D. R., Cífková, R., Dominiczak, A. F., Grassi, G., Jordan, J., Poulter, N. R., Rodgers, A., & Whelton, P. K.
Affiliations
  • University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
  • University of Chicago (US)
  • Boston University (US)
  • Charles University (CZ)
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
  • MultiMedica (IT)
  • University of Cologne (DE)
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • The George Institute for Global Health (AU)
  • Tulane University (US)
Corresponding author
Oparil, Suzanne
Venue
Nature Reviews Disease Primers
Published
2018-03-22
Volume
4
Issue
1
Pages
18014-18014
ISSN
2056-676X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4211019091
Cited by
1,167
References
215
Citations by year
2026: 142 · 2025: 182 · 2024: 177 · 2023: 193 · 2022: 195 · 2021: 158 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 14 · 2013: 1
FWCI
12.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Disease Primers (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • elib (German Aerospace Center) (acceptedVersion)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
  • Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Pfizer
  • AstraZeneca
  • Sanofi
  • Arbor Pharmaceuticals
  • Novo Nordisk
  • Servier
  • H. Lundbeck A/S
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM109036)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK060963)
  • NIH Clinical Center
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Keywords
systemic arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hypertension risk factors, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, target organ damage, lifestyle modification, antihypertensive drugs, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, genetic susceptibility
MeSH terms
Antihypertensive Agents, Calcium Channel Blockers, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diuretics, Humans, Hypertension, Quality of Life, Renin-Angiotensin System, Sympathetic Nervous System

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