The decline of moths in Great Britain: a review of possible causes

FOX, RICHARD

doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00186.x

Cited by 302Lepidoptera: Biology and TaxonomyEntomological Studies and EcologyPlant and animal studies

The decline of moths in Great Britain: a review of possible causes

FOX, RICHARD·2013·Insect Conservation and Diversity

DOI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00186.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Abstract. 1. Population declines among insects are inadequately quantified, yet of vital importance to national and global biodiversity assessments and have significant implications for ecosystem services. 2. Substantial declines in abundance and distribution have been reported recently within a species‐rich insect taxon, macro‐moths, in Great Britain and other European countries. These declines are of concern because moths are important primary consumers and prey items for a wide range of other taxa, as well as contributing to ecosystem services such as pollination. 3. I summarise these declines and review potential drivers of change. Direct evidence for causes of moth declines is extremely limited, but correlative studies and extrapolation from closely related taxa suggest that habitat degradation (particularly because of agricultural intensification and changing silviculture) and climate change are likely to be major drivers. There is currently little evidence of negative population‐level effects on moths caused by chemical or light pollution, non‐native species or direct exploitation. 4. I make suggestions for future research with a focus on quantifying impacts of land management practices, light pollution and climate change on moth population dynamics and developing evidence‐based measures that can be incorporated into agri‐environment schemes and other policy initiatives to help reverse the widespread decline of moths in Great Britain and beyond.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00186.x

Cites

186 of 186 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Data for bees and moths suggest the same declining trend as for other well-studied taxa.
“Data for other well-studied taxa such as bees [8–14] and moths [15–18] suggest the same trend.”
From More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas (2017) · cites this paper as [17]

A safe operating space for humanity
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/461472a · Cited by 13,333 · see citing works
A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
Parmesan, C., & Yohe, G. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01286 · Cited by 11,265 · see citing works
Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis
Assessment, M. E. (2005) · Island Press · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18167309 · Cited by 10,665 · see citing works
Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity
Fahrig, L. (2003) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132419 · Cited by 7,879 · see citing works
Extinction risk from climate change
Thomas, C. D., Cameron, A., Green, R. E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L. J., Collingham, Y. C., Erasmus, B. F. N., de Siqueira, M. F., Grainger, A., Hannah, L., et al. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02121 · Cited by 7,722 · see citing works
BIOTIC INVASIONS: CAUSES, EPIDEMIOLOGY, GLOBAL CONSEQUENCES, AND CONTROL
Mack, R., Simberloff, D., Lonsdale, W., Evans, H., Clout, M., & Bazzaz, F. (2000) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0689:bicegc]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 6,770 · see citing works
Historical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems
Jackson, J. B. C., Kirby, M. X., Berger, W. H., Bjorndal, K. A., Botsford, L. W., Bourque, B. J., Bradbury, R. H., Cooke, R., Erlandson, J., Estes, J. A., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1059199 · Cited by 6,652 · see citing works
Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming
Chen, I., Hill, J. K., Ohlemüller, R., Roy, D. B., & Thomas, C. D. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1206432 · Cited by 5,510 · see citing works
Global Biodiversity: Indicators of Recent Declines
Butchart, S. H. M., Walpole, M., Collen, B., van Strien, A., Scharlemann, J. P. W., Almond, R. E. A., Baillie, J. E. M., Bomhard, B., Brown, C., Bruno, J., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1187512 · Cited by 4,892 · see citing works
Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity—Ecosystem service management
Tscharntke, T., Klein, A. M., Kruess, A., Steffan‐Dewenter, I., & Thies, C. (2005) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x · Cited by 4,455 · see citing works
Farmland biodiversity: is habitat heterogeneity the key?
Benton, T. G., Vickery, J. A., & Wilson, J. D. (2003) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(03)00011-9 · Cited by 3,205 · see citing works
Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands
Biesmeijer, J. C., Roberts, S. P. M., Reemer, M., Ohlemüller, R., Edwards, M., Peeters, T., Schaffers, A. P., Potts, S. G., Kleukers, R., Thomas, C. D., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1127863 · Cited by 3,189 · see citing works
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
Sadler, B., & Dalal-Clayton, B. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781849772631-19 · Cited by 2,621 · see citing works
Effects of urbanization on species richness: A review of plants and animals
McKinney, M. L. (2008) · Urban Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s11252-007-0045-4 · Cited by 2,570 · see citing works
Farming and the Fate of Wild Nature
Green, R. E., Cornell, S. J., Scharlemann, J. P. W., & Balmford, A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1106049 · Cited by 2,238 · see citing works
The future of biodiversity
Pimm, S. L., Russell, G. J., Gittleman, J. L., & Brooks, T. M. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.269.5222.347 · Cited by 2,230 · see citing works
Habitat Loss and Extinction in the Hotspots of Biodiversity
Brooks, T. M., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B., Rylands, A. B., Konstant, W. R., Flick, P., Pilgrim, J. D., Oldfield, S. F., Magin, G., et al. (2002) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00530.x · Cited by 2,063 · see citing works
Synergies among extinction drivers under global change
BROOK, B., SODHI, N., & BRADSHAW, C. (2008) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.03.011 · Cited by 2,031 · see citing works
Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe's farmland bird populations
Donald, P. F., Green, R. E., & Heath, M. F. (2001) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1325 · Cited by 2,019 · see citing works
Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming
Alan Pounds, J., Bustamante, M. R., Coloma, L. A., Consuegra, J. A., Fogden, M. P. L., Foster, P. N., La Marca, E., Masters, K. L., Merino-Viteri, A., Puschendorf, R., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04246 · Cited by 1,960 · see citing works
Ecosystem Service Supply and Vulnerability to Global Change in Europe
Schröter, D., Crämer, W., Leemans, R., Prentice, I. C., Araújo, M. B., Arnell, N. W., Bondeau, A., Bugmann, H. K. M., Carter, T. R., Gracia, C. A., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1115233 · Cited by 1,701 · see citing works
Patterns of widespread decline in North American bumble bees
Cameron, S. A., Lozier, J. D., Strange, J. P., Koch, J. B. U., Cordes, N., Solter, L. F., & Griswold, T. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014743108 · Cited by 1,622 · see citing works
Are invasive species a major cause of extinctions?
Gurevitch, J., & Padilla, D. (2004) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.07.005 · Cited by 1,579 · see citing works
The distributions of a wide range of taxonomic groups are expanding polewards
HICKLING, R., Roy, D. B., Hill, J. K., Fox, R., & Thomas, C. D. (2006) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01116.x · Cited by 1,573 · see citing works
Self-citation
Post‐war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain
Robinson, R. A., & Sutherland, W. J. (2002) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00695.x · Cited by 1,560 · see citing works
Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands
Stevens, C. J., Dise, N. B., Mountford, J. O., & Gowing, D. J. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094678 · Cited by 1,538 · see citing works
The natural history of pollination
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-1540 · Cited by 1,524 · see citing works
Ecological Light Pollution
Longcore, T., & Rich, C. (2004) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0191:elp]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,437 · see citing works
Global State of Biodiversity and Loss
Dirzo, R., & Raven, P. H. (2003) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105532 · Cited by 1,366 · see citing works
Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change
Warren, M. S., Hill, J. K., Thomas, J. A., Asher, J., Fox, R., Huntley, B., Roy, D. B., Telfer, M. G., Jeffcoate, S., Harding, P., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35102054 · Cited by 1,333 · see citing works
Self-citation
The effects of air‐borne nitrogen pollutants on species diversity in natural and semi‐natural European vegetation
Bobbink, R., Hornung, M., & Roelofs, J. G. M. (1998) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.8650717.x · Cited by 1,229 · see citing works
Decline and conservation of bumble bees
Goulson, D., Lye, G. C., & Darvill, B. (2008) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093454 · Cited by 1,183 · cited 14× · see citing works
“In Britain (and elsewhere in north-west Europe), moderate levels of climate warming may bring opportunities for thermally constrained species such as insects and there is strong evidence, for example, that some butterflies have already expanded their ranges and flight periods in response to climate change (Roy & Spark…”
BackgroundInfluential
DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF CLIMATE AND HABITAT FACTORS ON BUTTERFLY DIVERSITY
Menéndez, R., González‐Megías, A., Collingham, Y. C., Fox, R., Roy, D. B., Ohlemüller, R., & Thomas, C. D. (2007) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/06-0539 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparative losses of British butterflies, birds, and plants and the global extinction crisis
Thomas, J. A., Telfer, M. G., Roy, D. B., Preston, C. D., Greenwood, J. J. D., Asher, J., Fox, R., Clarke, R. T., & Lawton, J. H. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1095046 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Self-citation
Trophic level asynchrony in rates of phenological change for marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments
Thackeray, S. J., Sparks, T. H., Frederiksen, M., Burthe, S. J., Bacon, P. J., Bell, J. R., Botham, M. S., BRERETON, T. M., Bright, P. W., Carvalho, L., et al. (2010) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02165.x · Cited by 897 · see citing works
On the relationship between farmland biodiversity and land-use intensity in Europe
Kleijn, D., Kohler, F., Báldi, A., Batáry, P., Concepción, E. D., Clough, Y., Díaz, M., Gabriel, D., Holzschuh, A., Knop, E., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1509 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Climate change and habitat destruction: a deadly anthropogenic cocktail
Travis, J. M. J. (2003) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2246 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
Linking agricultural practice to insect and bird populations: a historical study over three decades
Benton, T. G., Bryant, D. M., Cole, L., & Crick, H. Q. P. (2002) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00745.x · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Climate change and unequal phenological changes across four trophic levels: constraints or adaptations?
Both, C., van Asch, M., Bijlsma, R. G., et al. (2008) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01458.x · Cited by 702 · see citing works
The impact of agricultural practices on biodiversity
McLaughlin, A., & Mineau, P. (1995) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/0167-8809(95)00609-v · Cited by 698 · see citing works
Does conservation on farmland contribute to halting the biodiversity decline?
Kleijn, D., Rundlöf, M., Scheper, J., Smith, H. G., & Tscharntke, T. (2011) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.05.009 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Phenology of British butterflies and climate change
Roy, D. B., & Sparks, T. H. (2000) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00322.x · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses
McGeoch, M. A., Butchart, S. H. M., Spear, D., Marais, E., Kleynhans, E. J., Symes, A., Chanson, J. S., & Hoffmann, M. (2010) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Monitoring change in the abundance and distribution of insects using butterflies and other indicator groups
Thomas, J. A. (2005) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1585 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Warmer springs disrupt the synchrony of oak and winter moth phenology
Visser, M. E., & Holleman, L. J. M. (2001) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1363 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
A review of the abundance and diversity of invertebrate and plant foods of granivorous birds in northern Europe in relation to agricultural change
Wilson, J. D., Morris, A. J., Arroyo, B., Clark, S. C., & Bradbury, R. B. (1999) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00064-x · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Sown wildflower strips for insect conservation: a review
Haaland, C., Naisbit, R. E., & Bersier, L. (2010) · Insect Conservation and Diversity · doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2010.00098.x · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Low-Intensity Farming Systems in the Conservation of the Countryside
Bignal, E. M., & McCracken, D. I. (1996) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.2307/2404973 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Rapid declines of common, widespread British moths provide evidence of an insect biodiversity crisis
Conrad, K. F., Warren, M. S., Fox, R., Parsons, M. S., & Woiwod, I. P. (2006) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.020 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Self-citation
The quality and isolation of habitat patches both determine where butterflies persist in fragmented landscapes
Thomas, J. A., Bourn, N. A. D., Clarke, R. T., Stewart, K., Simcox, D. J., Pearman, G. S., Curtis, R. J., & Goodger, B. (2001) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1693 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
A northward shift of range margins in British Odonata
Hickling, R., Roy, D. B., Hill, J. K., & Thomas, C. D. (2005) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00904.x · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Biological effects of heavy metals: an overview.
Sharma, R. K., & Agrawal, M. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Climatic warming increases voltinism in European butterflies and moths
Altermatt, F. (2009) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1910 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
The impacts of non‐native species on UK biodiversity and the effectiveness of control
Manchester, S. J., & Bullock, J. M. (2000) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00538.x · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Ecological consequences of artificial night lighting
Rich, C., & Longcore, T. (2006) · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Scale matters: the impact of organic farming on biodiversity at different spatial scales
Gabriel, D., Sait, S. M., Hodgson, J. A., Schmutz, U., Kunin, W. E., & Benton, T. G. (2010) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01481.x · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Life-history traits predict species responses to habitat area and isolation: A cross-continental synthesis
Öckinger, E., Schweiger, O., Crist, T. O., Debinski, D. M., Krauss, J., Kuussaari, M., Petersen, J. D., Pöyry, J., Settele, J., Summerville, K. S., et al. (2010) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01487.x · Cited by 476 · see citing works
The identification of 100 ecological questions of high policy relevance in the UK
Sutherland, W. J., ARMSTRONG‐BROWN, S., Armsworth, P. R., BRERETON, T. M., BRICKLAND, J. H., Campbell, C. D., Chamberlain, D., Cooke, A. I., Dulvy, N. K., Dusic, N. R., et al. (2006) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01188.x · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Responses of butterflies to twentieth century climate warming: implications for future ranges
Hill, J. K., Thomas, C. D., Fox, R., Telfer, M. G., Willis, S. G., Asher, J., & Huntley, B. J. (2002) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2134 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Self-citation
Range retractions and extinction in the face of climate warming
Thomas, C. D., Franco, A. M. A., & HILL, J. (2006) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.05.012 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Climate change, connectivity and conservation decision making: back to basics
Hodgson, J. A., Thomas, C. D., Wintle, B. A., et al. (2009) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01695.x · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Extinction risk in the sea
Roberts, C. M., & Hawkins, J. P. (1999) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01584-5 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
MICROEVOLUTION IN ISLAND FORMS: THE ROLES OF DRIFT AND DIRECTIONAL SELECTION IN MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERGENCE OF A PASSERINE BIRD
Clegg, S. M., Degnan, S. M., Moritz, C. C., Estoup, A., Kikkawa, J., & Owens, I. P. F. (2002) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00134.x · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Street Lighting Disturbs Commuting Bats
Stone, E., Jones, G., & Harris, S. (2009) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.058 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Dispersal and extinction in fragmented landscapes
Thomas, C. D. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.0978 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Modern Insect Extinctions, the Neglected Majority
Dunn, R. R. (2005) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00078.x · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Ecology of butterflies in Europe
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-5648 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
The coincidence of climatic and species rarity: high risk to small-range species from climate change
Ohlemüller, R., Anderson, B. J., Araújo, M. B., Butchart, S. H. M., Kudrna, O., Ridgely, R. S., & Thomas, C. D. (2008) · Biology Letters · doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0097 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Cryptic biodiversity loss linked to global climate change
Bálint, M., Domisch, S., Engelhardt, C., Haase, P., Lehrian, S., Sauer, J., Theißinger, K., Pauls, S. U., & Nowak, C. (2011) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1191 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
An elevational shift in butterfly species richness and composition accompanying recent climate change
Wilson, R. J., Gutiérrez, D., Illán, J. G., & Monserrat, V. J. (2007) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01418.x · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Biotope Use and Trends of European Butterflies
van Swaay, C., Warren, M. S., & Loïs, G. (2006) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-006-6293-4 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Impacts of climate warming and habitat loss on extinctions at species' low‐latitude range boundaries
Franco, A. M. A., Hill, J. K., KITSCHKE, C., Collingham, Y. C., Roy, D. B., Fox, R., Huntley, B. J., & Thomas, C. D. (2006) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01180.x · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-citation
The millennium atlas of butterflies in Britain and Ireland
Asher, J. (2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 347 · see citing works
The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland
Seamons, D. (2002) · Reference Reviews · doi:10.1108/rr.2002.16.1.32.34 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Recent ecological responses to climate change support predictions of high extinction risk
Maclean, I. M. D., & Wilson, R. J. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1017352108 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Recent Insights from Radar Studies of Insect Flight
Chapman, J. W., Drake, V. A., & Reynolds, D. R. (2010) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144820 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Phenological asynchrony between herbivorous insects and their hosts: signal of climate change or pre-existing adaptive strategy?
Singer, M. C., & Parmesan, C. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0144 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Butterfly diversity loss in Flanders (north Belgium): Europe's worst case scenario?
Maes, D., & Dyck, H. V. (2001) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(00)00182-8 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Effect of spectral composition of artificial light on the attraction of moths
van Langevelde, F., Ettema, J. A., Donners, M., WallisDeVries, M. F., & Groenendijk, D. (2011) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.004 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Trends in the state of nature and their implications for human well‐being
Balmford, A. P., & Bond, W. J. (2005) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00814.x · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Which habitats of European importance depend on agricultural practices?
Halada, L., Evans, D., Romão, C., & Petersen, J. (2011) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-011-9989-z · Cited by 309 · see citing works
The present, past and future of human-caused extinctions
Diamond, J. M. (1989) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1989.0100 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Butterfly monitoring in Europe: methods, applications and perspectives
van Swaay, C. A. M., Nowicki, P., Settele, J., & van Strien, A. J. (2008) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-008-9491-4 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
An Indicator of the Impact of Climatic Change on European Bird Populations
Gregory, R. D., Willis, S. G., Jiguet, F., Voříšek, P., Klvaňová, A., Strien, A. J. V., Huntley, B. J., Collingham, Y. C., Couvet, D., & Green, R. E. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004678 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
The diets of British bats (Chiroptera)
VAUGHAN, N. (1997) · Mammal Review · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1997.tb00373.x · Cited by 283 · see citing works
The decline of the bumble bees and cuckoo bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini) of Western and Central Europe
Kosior, A., Celary, W., Olejniczak, P., Fijał, J., Król, W., Solarz, W., & Płonka, P. (2007) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605307001597 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Declines in Common, Widespread Butterflies in a Landscape under Intense Human Use
Dyck, H. V., Strien, A. J. V., Maes, D., & van Swaay, C. (2009) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01175.x · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Abundance and Species Richness of Nocturnal Insects on Organic and Conventional Farms: Effects of Agricultural Intensification on Bat Foraging
Wickramasinghe, L. P., HARRIS, S., Jones, G., & Jennings, N. (2004) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00152.x · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Impacts of agricultural herbicide use on terrestrial wildlife in temperate landscapes: A review with special reference to North America
Freemark, K. E., & Boutin, C. (1995) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/0167-8809(94)00534-l · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Predicting adaptation of phenology in response to climate change, an insect herbivore example
van Asch, M., van Tienderen, P. H., Holleman, L. J. M., & Visser, M. E. (2007) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01400.x · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Green Light for Nocturnally Migrating Birds
Poot, H., Ens, B. J., VRIES, H. D., Donners, M., Wernand, M. R., & Marquenie, J. M. (2008) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-02720-130247 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Consequences of Succession on Extensively Grazed Grasslands for Central European Butterfly Communities: Rethinking Conservation Practices
Balmer, O., & Erhardt, A. (2000) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98612.x · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Global warming and excess nitrogen may induce butterfly decline by microclimatic cooling
WallisDeVries, M. F., & van Swaay, C. (2006) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01202.x · Cited by 197 · see citing works
The Effects on Butterfly Abundance of the Management of Uncropped Edges of Arable Fields
Feber, R. E., Smith, H. G., & Macdonald, D. W. (1996) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.2307/2404698 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Ecological Correlates of Extinction Proneness in Tropical Butterflies
Koh, L. P., Sodhi, N. S., & Brook, B. W. (2004) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00468.x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
High Rates of Extinction and Threat in Poorly Studied Taxa
McKinney, M. L. (1999) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97393.x · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Future novel threats and opportunities facing UK biodiversity identified by horizon scanning
Sutherland, W. J., Bailey, M., Bainbridge, I. P., BRERETON, T. M., Dick, J. T. A., Drewitt, J., Dulvy, N. K., Dusic, N. R., Freckleton, R. P., Gaston, K. J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01474.x · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Long-term population trends in widespread British moths
Conrad, K. F., Woiwod, I. P., Parsons, M. S., Fox, R., & Warren, M. S. (2004) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1023/b:jico.0000045810.36433.c6 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparing organic farming and land sparing: optimizing yield and butterfly populations at a landscape scale
Hodgson, J. A., Kunin, W. E., Thomas, C. D., Benton, T. G., & Gabriel, D. (2010) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01528.x · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Human land use, agriculture, pesticides and losses of imperiled species
Gibbs, K. E., Mackey, R. L., & Currie, D. J. (2008) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00543.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Changing habitat associations of a thermally constrained species, the silver‐spotted skipper butterfly, in response to climate warming
Davies, Z. G., Wilson, R. J., COLES, S., & Thomas, C. D. (2006) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01044.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Non‐native plants reduce abundance, richness, and host specialization in lepidopteran communities
Burghardt, K. T., Tallamy, D. W., Philips, C. R., & Shropshire, K. J. (2010) · Ecosphere · doi:10.1890/es10-00032.1 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Woodlands: Past, Present and Potential for Insects
Warren, M. S., & Key, R. S. (1991) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-181370-3.50014-2 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
The severe decline of butterflies on western German calcareous grasslands during the last 30 years: A conservation problem
Wenzel, M., Schmitt, T., Weitzel, M., & Seitz, A. (2005) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.022 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
MINIMUM VIABLE METAPOPULATION SIZE, EXTINCTION DEBT, AND THE CONSERVATION OF A DECLINING SPECIES
Bulman, C. R., Wilson, R. J., Holt, A. R., Galvez‐Bravo, L., Early, R., Warren, M. S., & Thomas, C. D. (2007) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/06-1032.1 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Overexploitation and Species Extinctions
Rosser, A. M., & Mainka, S. (2002) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.01635.x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Urban Domestic Gardens (XIV): The Characteristics of Gardens in Five Cities
Loram, A., Warren, P. H., & Gaston, K. J. (2008) · Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/s00267-008-9097-3 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Optimizing the biodiversity gain from agri-environment schemes
Merckx, T., Feber, R. E., Riordan, P., Townsend, M. C., Bourn, N. A. D., Parsons, M. S., & Macdonald, D. W. (2009) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2009.01.006 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Assessing habitat quality for butterflies on intensively managed arable farmland
Pywell, R. F., WARMAN, E. A., Sparks, T. H., Greatorex-Davies, J. N., Walker, K. J., Meek, W. R., Carvell, C., Petit, S., & Firbank, L. G. (2003) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.09.011 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Interplay between nitrogen deposition and grazing causes habitat degradation
van der Wal, R., Pearce, I. S. K., Brooker, R. W., et al. (2003) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00407.x · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The challenge of conserving grassland insects at the margins of their range in Europe
Bourn, N. A. D., & Thomas, J. A. (2002) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00193-8 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The development of butterfly indicators in the United Kingdom and assessments in 2010
BRERETON, T. M., Roy, D. B., Middlebrook, I., Botham, M. S., & Warren, M. S. (2010) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-010-9333-z · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Effect of field margins on moths depends on species mobility: Field-based evidence for landscape-scale conservation
Merckx, T., Feber, R. E., Dulieu, R. L., Townsend, M. C., Parsons, M. S., Bourn, N. A. D., Riordan, P., & Macdonald, D. W. (2008) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.004 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Invertebrates and vegetation of field margins adjacent to crops subject to contrasting herbicide regimes in the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide–tolerant crops
The American Association for Research into Nervous and Mental Diseases, Roy, D. B., Bohan, D. A., et al. (2003) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1404 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The relationship between local extinctions of grassland butterflies and increased soil nitrogen levels
Öckinger, E., Hammarstedt, O., Nilsson, S. G., & Smith, H. G. (2005) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.10.024 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
The influence of temperature on migration of Lepidoptera into Britain
Sparks, T. H., Roy, D. B., & Dennis, R. L. H. (2005) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00910.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Colour Identification Guide to the Moths of the British Isles
Skinner, B., & WILSON∗, D. J. (2009) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004261020 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The state of butterflies in Britain and Ireland
Fox, R. L., Asher, J., BRERETON, T. M., et al. (2006) · NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citation
Harmonia axyridis in Great Britain: analysis of the spread and distribution of a non-native coccinellid
BROWN, P. M. J., Roy, H. E., ROTHERY, P., et al. (2007) · BioControl · doi:10.1007/s10526-007-9124-y · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Decline in native ladybirds in response to the arrival of Harmonia axyridis : early evidence from England
BROWN, P. M. J., Frost, R., Doberski, J., et al. (2011) · Ecological Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.2011.01264.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The effectiveness of agri-environment schemes for the conservation of farmland moths: assessing the importance of a landscape-scale management approach: Effects of agri-environment schemes on moths
Fuentes-Montemayor, E., Goulson, D., & Park, K. J. (2011) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01927.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The UK Environmental Change Network: Emerging trends in the composition of plant and animal communities and the physical environment
Morecroft, M. D., Bealey, C. E., Beaumont, D. A., Benham, S. E., Brooks, D. R., Burt, T. P., Critchley, C. N. R., Dick, J., Littlewood, N. A., Monteith, D., et al. (2009) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.004 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The ‘night shift’: nocturnal pollen‐transport networks in a boreal pine forest
Devoto, M., Bailey, S. A., & Memmott, J. (2010) · Ecological Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.2010.01247.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Climate-induced increase of moth multivoltinism in boreal regions
Pöyry, J., Leinonen, R., Söderman, G., Nieminen, M., Heikkinen, R. K., & Carter, T. R. (2010) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00597.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Long-term land-use changes and extinction of specialised butterflies
NILSSON, S. G., FRANZÉN, M., & JÖNSSON, E. (2008) · Insect Conservation and Diversity · doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2008.00027.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Long-term decline in abundance and distribution of the garden tiger moth ( Arctia caja ) in Great Britain
Conrad, K. F., Woiwod, I. P., & Perry, J. N. (2002) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00258-0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Predicting extinction risk of butterflies and moths (Macrolepidoptera) from distribution patterns and species characteristics
Franzén, M., & Johannesson, M. (2007) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-006-9053-6 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Diet-mediated effects of heavy metal pollution on growth and immune response in the geometrid moth Epirrita autumnata
van Ooik, T., Rantala, M. J., & Saloniemi, I. (2006) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.008 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Factors determining the effects of pesticides upon butterflies inhabiting arable farmland
Longley, M., & Sotherton, N. W. (1997) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(96)01094-8 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Ecological Determinants of Distribution Decline and Risk of Extinction in Moths
Mattila, N., Kaitala, V., Komonen, A., Kotiaho, J. S., & Päivinen, J. (2006) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00404.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Migration of moth species in a network of small islands
Nieminen, M. (1996) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/bf00329038 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Testing biotic indicator taxa: the sensitivity of insectivorous mammals and their prey to the intensification of lowland agriculture
Pocock, M. J. O., & Jennings, N. (2007) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01361.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The state of the Dutch larger moth fauna
Groenendijk, D., & Ellis, W. N. (2010) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-010-9326-y · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Shelter benefits less mobile moth species: The field-scale effect of hedgerow trees
Merckx, T., Feber, R. E., McLaughlan, C., Bourn, N. A. D., Parsons, M. S., Townsend, M. C., Riordan, P., & Macdonald, D. W. (2010) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2010.04.010 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Manipulation of nutrients and grazing levels on heather moorland: changes inCallunadominance and consequences for community composition
Hartley, S. E., & Mitchell, R. J. (2005) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01025.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The ecosystem-service chain and the biological diversity crisis
Mooney, H. A. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0223 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Ecological science and tomorrow’s world
May, R. M. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0164 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The use of ecological traits in extinction risk assessments: A case study on geometrid moths
Mattila, N., Kotiaho, J. S., Kaitala, V., & Komonen, A. (2008) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.024 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The effect of urbanization on the quality of remnant habitats for leaf‐mining Lepidoptera on Quercus agrifolia
Rickman, J. K., & Connor, E. F. (2003) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2003.03345.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Body size and migration rate in moths
Nieminen, M., Rita, H. J., & Uuvana, P. (1999) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00519.x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Conserving threatened Lepidoptera: Towards an effective woodland management policy in landscapes under intense human land-use
Merckx, T., Feber, R. E., Hoare, D. J., Parsons, M. S., Kelly, C. J., Bourn, N. A. D., & Macdonald, D. W. (2012) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.02.005 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Rapid changes in butterfly communities following the abandonment of grasslands: a case study
Stefanescu, C., Peñuelas, J., & Filella, I. (2009) · Insect Conservation and Diversity · doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2009.00063.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The state of Britain's larger moths
Fox, R. D., Conrad, K., Parsons, M. S., et al. (2006) · Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Repository) · doi:10.23637/rothamsted.898z8 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citation
Breeding and post-breeding responses of woodland birds to modification of habitat structure by deer
Holt, C. A., Fuller, R. J., & Dolman, P. M. (2011) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2011.05.004 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Building on IUCN Regional Red Lists to Produce Lists of Species of Conservation Priority: a Model with Irish Bees
Fitzpatrick, Ú., Murray, T. E., Paxton, R. J., & Brown, M. J. F. (2007) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00782.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Predicted insect diversity declines under climate change in an already impoverished region
Maes, D., Titeux, N., Hortal, J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-010-9277-3 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Extinction Rates and Butterflies
Hambler, C., & Speight, M. R. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.305.5690.1563b · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The effects of shade on the plant communities of rides in plantation woodland and implications for butterfly conservation
Sparks, T. H., Greatorex-Davies, J. N., Mountford, J. O., et al. (1996) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/0378-1127(95)03639-3 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Effects of agri-environment schemes in a long-term ecological time series
Taylor, M., & Morecroft, M. D. (2009) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.004 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Grazing impacts on moth diversity and abundance on a Scottish upland estate
Littlewood, N. A. (2008) · Insect Conservation and Diversity · doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2008.00021.x · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Moths count: recording moths for conservation in the UK
Fox, R., Randle, Z., Hill, L., Anders, S., Wiffen, L., & Parsons, M. S. (2010) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-010-9309-z · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mobility is related to species traits in noctuid moths
Betzholtz, P., & Franzén, M. (2011) · Ecological Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.2011.01281.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The natural history of moths
(1998) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1023/a:1017150300339 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
What is the required minimum landscape size for dispersal studies?
Franzén, M., & Nilsson, S. G. (2007) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01285.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The effect of coppice management on moth assemblages in an English woodland
Broome, A., Clarke, S., Peace, A. J., et al. (2011) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-010-9974-y · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Hybridisation and climate change: brown argus butterflies in Britain ( Polyommatus subgenus Aricia )
Mallet, J., Wynne, I. R., & Thomas, C. D. (2010) · Insect Conservation and Diversity · doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2010.00122.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Habitat restoration facilitates an ecological trap for a locally rare, wetland‐restricted butterfly
Severns, P. M. (2010) · Insect Conservation and Diversity · doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2010.00120.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The changing status of the Chalkhill Blue butterfly Polyommatus coridon in the UK: the impacts of conservation policies and environmental factors
BRERETON, T. M., Warren, M. S., Roy, D. B., et al. (2007) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-007-9099-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ten challenges for 2010 and beyond to conserve Lepidoptera in Europe
Warren, M. S., & Bourn, N. A. D. (2010) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-010-9356-5 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Artificial Light in the Environment
Rayner, S., Lawton, J., Depledge, M. H., et al. (2009) · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The spread of coarse grasses and changes in numbers of lepidoptera in a woodland nature reserve
Pollard, E., Woiwod, I. P., Greatorex-Davies, J. N., et al. (1998) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(97)00090-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Local Adaptation of an Insect Herbivore to a Heavy Metal Contaminated Environment
van Ooik, T., & Rantala, M. J. (2010) · Annales Zoologici Fennici · doi:10.5735/086.047.0306 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Monitoring biodiversity: measuring long-term changes in insect abundance.
Conrad, K. F., Fox, R., & Woiwod, I. P. (2007) · CABI Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781845932541.0203 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Insect populations in fragmented habitats.
Hanski, I., & Pöyry, J. (2007) · CABI Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781845932541.0175 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Habitat preference and mobility of Polia bombycina: are non-tailored agri-environment schemes any good for a rare and localised species?
Merckx, T., Feber, R. E., Parsons, M. S., Bourn, N. A. D., Townsend, M. C., Riordan, P., & Macdonald, D. W. (2010) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-010-9279-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
THE ROTHAMSTED INSECT SURVEY AND THE URBANIZATION OF LAND IN GREAT BRITAIN
Taylor, L. R., French, R. A., & Woiwod, I. P. (1978) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-265250-9.50009-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Metacommunity Dynamics: Decline of Functional Relationship along a Habitat Fragmentation Gradient
Bergerot, B., Julliard, R., & Baguette, M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011294 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A novel parasitoid and a declining butterfly: cause or coincidence?
Gripenberg, S., Hamer, N. A., BRERETON, T. M., Roy, D. B., & Lewis, O. T. (2011) · Ecological Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.2011.01269.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Countryside survey : UK headline messages from 2007
Carey, P., Wallis, S., Emmett, B. E., et al. (2008) · NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting
Bogard, P. (2006) · ISLE Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment · doi:10.1093/isle/13.1.245 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Conservation of moths in The Netherlands: population trends, distribution patterns and monitoring techniques of day-flying moths
Groenendijk, D., & van der Meulen, J. (2004) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-004-1331-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wirkungen fluorbelasteter Fichtennadeln auf Nonnenraupen, Lymantria monacha L. (Lep., Lymantriidae)
Mitterböck, F., & Führer, E. (1988) · Journal of Applied Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1988.tb00156.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Conservation of moths in The Netherlands: population trends, distribution patterns and monitoring techniques of day-flying moths
Groenendijk, D., & van der Meulen, J. (2004) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1023/b:jico.0000045809.98795.ca · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Conserving the New Forest burnet moth (Zygaena viciae ([Denis and Schiffermueller])) in Scotland; responses to grazing reduction and consequent vegetation changes
Young, M. R., & Barbour, D. (2004) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1023/b:jico.0000045811.28261.d1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Urbanisation and development
Gaston, K. J., & Evans, K. L. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511778230.008 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Conserving the New Forest burnet moth (Zygaena viciae ([Denis and Schiffermueller])) in Scotland; responses to grazing reduction and consequent vegetation changes
Young, M. R., & Barbour, D. (2004) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-004-1338-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The State of the UK's Butterflies 2011
Fox, R., BRERETON, T. M., Asher, J., et al. (2011) · NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increasing abundance and diversity in the moth assemblage of east Loch Lomondside, Scotland over a 35 year period
Salama, N. K. G., Knowler, J. T., & Adams, C. E. (2006) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-006-9029-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Butterfly population structure and dynamics
Wilson, R. J., & Roy, D. B. (2009) · NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The changing moth and butterfly fauna of Britain during the twentieth century
Parsons, M. S. (2003) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16284232 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Conservation management of Gortyna borelii lunata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the United Kingdom
Ringwood, Z., Hill, J., & Gibson, C. (2004) · Journal of Insect Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10841-004-1349-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Moths
Fox, R., Conrad, K. F., Parsons, M. S., Warren, M. S., & Woiwod, I. P. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511778230.027 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Long-term moth studies at Rothamsted
Woiwod, I. P., & Gould, P. J. L. (2008) · Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Repository) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Vertebrate animal introductions
Lever, C. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511778230.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Plant introductions
LACK, A. J. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511778230.007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Changes in the behaviour of double-brooded macro moths in Yorkshire
Fletcher, C. H. (2006) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.15939144 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas
Hallmann, C. A., Sorg, M., Jongejans, E., Siepel, H., Hofland, N., Schwan, H., Stenmans, W., Müller, A., Sumser, H., Hörren, T., et al. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185809 · Cited by 3,499 · see citing works
Long‐term changes to the frequency of occurrence of British moths are consistent with opposing and synergistic effects of climate and land‐use changes
Fox, R., Oliver, T. H., Harrower, C., Parsons, M. S., Thomas, C. D., & Roy, D. B. (2014) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12256 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: FOX, R.
Affiliations: Butterfly Conservation (GB)
Corresponding author: FOX, RICHARD
ORCID: FOX, RICHARD
Venue: Insect Conservation and Diversity
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-01-20
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Pages: 5-19
ISSN: 1752-458X (ISSN-L)
1752-4598
DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00186.x
OpenAlex: W2102641175
Cited by: 302
References: 186
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 9.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Insect Conservation and Diversity (publishedVersion)
Funders: Johns Hopkins University
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Entomological Studies and Ecology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant and animal studies
Keywords: Lepidoptera, insect decline, habitat degradation, agricultural intensification, silviculture, climate change, light pollution, introduced species, land management, agri-environmental schemes, ecosystem services, Great Britain

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The decline of moths in Great Britain: a review of possible causes

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks