Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change
Open accessAbstract
Habitat degradation and climate change are thought to be altering the distributions and abundances of animals and plants throughout the world, but their combined impacts have not been assessed for any species assemblage. Here we evaluated changes in the distribution sizes and abundances of 46 species of butterflies that approach their northern climatic range margins in Britain-where changes in climate and habitat are opposing forces. These insects might be expected to have responded positively to climate warming over the past 30 years, yet three-quarters of them declined: negative responses to habitat loss have outweighed positive responses to climate warming. Half of the species that were mobile and habitat generalists increased their distribution sites over this period (consistent with a climate explanation), whereas the other generalists and 89% of the habitat specialists declined in distribution size (consistent with habitat limitation). Changes in population abundances closely matched changes in distributions. The dual forces of habitat modification and climate change are likely to cause specialists to decline, leaving biological communities with reduced numbers of species and dominated by mobile and widespread habitat generalists.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
While the gradual decline of rare insect species has been known for some time, the results illustrate an ongoing and rapid decline in the total amount of airborne insects active in space and time.
“While the gradual decline of rare insect species has been known for quite some time (e.g. specialized butterflies [9, 66]), our results illustrate an ongoing and rapid decline in total amount of airborne insects active in space and time.”
From More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas (2017) · cites this paper as [66]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming
Parmesan, C., Ryrholm, N., Stefanescu, C., Hill, J. K., Thomas, C. D., Descimon, H., Huntley, B. J., Kaila, L., Kullberg, J., Tammaru, T., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/21181 · Cited by 2,280 · see citing works
Self-citationBiological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent?
Hughes, L. (2000) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(99)01764-4 · Cited by 2,107 · see citing works
Purvis, A., & Rambaut, A. (1995) · Computer applications in the biosciences · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/11.3.247 · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
Comparing global vegetation maps with the Kappa statistic
Monserud, R. A., & Leemans, R. (1992) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/0304-3800(92)90003-w · Cited by 1,106 · see citing works
Monitoring Butterflies for Ecology and Conservation.
Morris, M. G., Pollard, E., & Yates, T. J. (1995) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.2307/2404667 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
Ecological and evolutionary processes at expanding range margins
Thomas, C. D., Bodsworth, E. J., Wilson, R. J., Simmons, A. D., Davies, Z. G., Musche, M., & Conradt, L. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35079066 · Cited by 936 · see citing works
Self-citationPhenology of British butterflies and climate change
Roy, D. B., & Sparks, T. H. (2000) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00322.x · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Self-citationInsects in a Changing Environment
Lockwood, J. A. (1996) · Annals of the Entomological Society of America · doi:10.1093/aesa/89.3.493 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Dispersal and extinction in fragmented landscapes
Thomas, C. D. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.0978 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Self-citationHuntley, B. J., Berry, P. M., Crämer, W., & McDonald, A. P. (1995) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.2307/2845830 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Self-citationRed data book of European butterflies [Rhopalocera]
van Swaay, C., & Warren, M. S. (1999) · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Self-citationRoy, D. B., ROTHERY, P., Moss, D., Pollard, E., & Thomas, J. A. (2001) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2001.00480.x · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Self-citation(1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2282-5 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Climate and habitat availability determine 20th century changes in a butterfly's range margin
Hill, J. K., Thomas, C. D., & Huntley, B. J. (1999) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0763 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationThe millennium atlas of butterflies in Britain and Ireland
Asher, J. (2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland
Seamons, D. (2002) · Reference Reviews · doi:10.1108/rr.2002.16.1.32.34 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Butterfly diversity loss in Flanders (north Belgium): Europe's worst case scenario?
Maes, D., & Dyck, H. V. (2001) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(00)00182-8 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Insects in a changing environment
Harrington, R., & Stork, N. E. (1995) · Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Repository) · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Insect Movement: mechanisms and consequences
(2002) · Journal of Applied Entomology · doi:10.1046/j.1439-0418.2002.06435.x · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Impacts of landscape structure on butterfly range expansion
Hill, J. K., Collingham, Y. C., Thomas, C. D., Blakeley, D. S., Fox, R., Moss, D., & Huntley, B. J. (2001) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00222.x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationCowley, M. J. R., Thomas, C. D., Roy, D. B., Wilson, R. J., León‐Cortés, J. L., Gutiérrez, D., Bulman, C. R., Quinn, R. M., Moss, D., & Gaston, K. J. (2001) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.2001.00508.x · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationAtlas of butterflies in Britain and Ireland
E.D. (1985) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/0006-3207(85)90009-6 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already
Hughes, L. (2000) · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Thomas, J. A., Rose, R. J., Clarke, R. T., Thomas, C. D., & Webb, N. R. (1999) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00008.x · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationThomas, J. A. (1993) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1993.tb00217.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationBarrow, E., & Hulme, M. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315870793 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland
Heath, J., Pollard, E., & Thomas, J. (1984) · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationClimates of the British Isles: present, past and future
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-3930 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Flight areas of British butterflies: assessing species status and decline
Cowley, M. J. R., Thomas, C. D., Thomas, J. A., & Warren, M. S. (1999) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0819 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased fluctuations of butterfly populations towards the northern edges of species' ranges
Thomas, J. A., Moss, D., & Pollard, E. (1994) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1994.tb00096.x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationDennis, R. L. H., & Shreeve, T. G. (1997) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01495.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Calculation of collated indices of abundance of butterflies based on monitored sites
Moss, D., & POLLARD, E. (1993) · Ecological Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1993.tb01083.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., Novacek, M. J., Tro®mov, B. A. & Dashzeveg, D. in The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia (eds Benton, M. J. et al.) 573±626 (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2000).
- McKenna, M. C. & Bell, S. K. Classi®cation of Mammals above the Species Level 104±105, 284 (Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1997).
- Lopatin, A. V. & Averianov, A. O. A new species of Tribosphenomys (Mammalia: Rodentiaformes) from the Paleocene of Mongolia. New Mex. Mus. Nat. Hist. Sci. Bull. (in the press).
- Li, C. K. & Ting, S. Y. in New Cranial and Postcranial Evidence for the Af®nities of the Eurymylids (Rodentia) and Mimotonids (Lagomorpha) (eds Szalay, F. S., Novacek, M. J. & McKenna, M. C.) 151± 158 (Springer, New York, 1993).
- Archibald, J. D. in Tertiary Mammals of North America. Vol. 1. Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals (eds C. Janis, C., Scott, K. & Jacobs, L.) 292±331 (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1998).
- Vaughan, T. A., Ryan, J. M. & Czaplewski, N. J. Mammalogy 4th edn 73 (Saunders, Fort Worth, Texas, 2000).
- Szalay, F. S. Evolutionary History of the Marsupials and an Analysis of Osteological Characters 35±58, 362 (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1994).
- Archibald, J. D. & Averianov, A. O. Description of new material and revision of the Late Cretaceous mammal Kulbeckia (Eutheria, Zalambdalestidae). J. Vert Paleontol. (in review). Received 22 June; accepted 10 September 2001.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
Parmesan, C., & Yohe, G. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01286 · Cited by 11,265 · see citing works
Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming
Chen, I., Hill, J. K., Ohlemüller, R., Roy, D. B., & Thomas, C. D. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1206432 · Cited by 5,541 · see citing works
Self-citationBee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers
Goulson, D., Nicholls, E., Botías, C., & Rotheray, E. L. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1255957 · Cited by 4,074 · see citing works
More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas
Hallmann, C. A., Sorg, M., Jongejans, E., Siepel, H., Hofland, N., Schwan, H., Stenmans, W., Müller, A., Sumser, H., Hörren, T., et al. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185809 · Cited by 3,499 · see citing works
Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers
Sánchez-Bayo, F., & Wyckhuys, K. A. G. (2019) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.01.020 · Cited by 3,462 · see citing works
Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands
Biesmeijer, J. C., Roberts, S. P. M., Reemer, M., Ohlemüller, R., Edwards, M., Peeters, T., Schaffers, A. P., Potts, S. G., Kleukers, R., Thomas, C. D., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1127863 · Cited by 3,189 · see citing works
Self-citationConfounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation
Ewers, R. M., & Didham, R. K. (2005) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1017/s1464793105006949 · Cited by 2,218 · see citing works
Synergies among extinction drivers under global change
BROOK, B., SODHI, N., & BRADSHAW, C. (2008) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.03.011 · Cited by 2,031 · see citing works
Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being
Potts, S. G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V., Ngo, H. T., Aizen, M. A., Biesmeijer, J. C., Breeze, T. D., Dicks, L. V., Garibaldi, L. A., Hill, R., Settele, J., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20588 · Cited by 2,138 · see citing works
Worldwide decline of specialist species: toward a global functional homogenization?
Clavel, J. G., Julliard, R., & Devictor, V. (2010) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/080216 · Cited by 1,606 · see citing works
The distributions of a wide range of taxonomic groups are expanding polewards
HICKLING, R., Roy, D. B., Hill, J. K., Fox, R., & Thomas, C. D. (2006) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01116.x · Cited by 1,573 · see citing works
Self-citationPost‐war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain
Robinson, R. A., & Sutherland, W. J. (2002) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00695.x · Cited by 1,560 · see citing works
Threats to an ecosystem service: pressures on pollinators
Vanbergen, A. J., & Initiative, T. I. P. (2013) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/120126 · Cited by 1,379 · see citing works
From space to species: ecological applications for remote sensing
Kerr, J. T., & Ostrovsky, M. (2003) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(03)00071-5 · Cited by 1,379 · see citing works
Insect Declines in the Anthropocene
Wagner, D. L. (2019) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025151 · Cited by 1,360 · see citing works
Projected Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on the Global Diversity of Birds
Jetz, W., Wilcove, D. S., & Dobson, A. P. (2007) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050157 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
Assisted Colonization and Rapid Climate Change
Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., Hughes, L., McIntyre, S., Lindenmayer, D. B., Parmesan, C., Possingham, H. P., & Thomas, C. D. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1157897 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Self-citationDIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF CLIMATE AND HABITAT FACTORS ON BUTTERFLY DIVERSITY
Menéndez, R., González‐Megías, A., Collingham, Y. C., Fox, R., Roy, D. B., Ohlemüller, R., & Thomas, C. D. (2007) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/06-0539 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Self-citationComparative losses of British butterflies, birds, and plants and the global extinction crisis
Thomas, J. A., Telfer, M. G., Roy, D. B., Preston, C. D., Greenwood, J. J. D., Asher, J., Fox, R., Clarke, R. T., & Lawton, J. H. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1095046 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Self-citationOpdam, P. F. M., & Wascher, D. M. (2004) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.12.008 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Species better track climate warming in the oceans than on land
Lenoir, J., Bertrand, R., Comte, L., Bourgeaud, L., Hattab, T., Murienne, J., & Grenouillet, G. (2020) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1198-2 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
van der Putten, W. H., Macel, M., & Visser, M. E. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0037 · Cited by 833 · see citing works
Devictor, V., Julliard, R., & Jiguet, F. (2008) · Oikos · doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16215.x · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Climate change and habitat destruction: a deadly anthropogenic cocktail
Travis, J. M. J. (2003) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2246 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
Differences in the climatic debts of birds and butterflies at a continental scale
Devictor, V., van Swaay, C., BRERETON, T. M., Brotons, L., Chamberlain, D., Heliölä, J., Herrando, S., Julliard, R., Kuussaari, M., Lindström, Å., et al. (2012) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1347 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Self-citationGlobal biodiversity change: The bad, the good, and the unknown
Pereira, H. M., Navarro, L. M., & Martins, I. S. (2012) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-042911-093511 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Araújo, M. B., Cabeza, M., Thuiller, W., Hannah, L., & Williams, P. H. (2004) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00828.x · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Climate change and forest diseases
Sturrock, R., Frankel, S., Brown, A., Hennon, P., Kliejunas, J., Lewis, K. J., Worrall, J., & Woods, A. (2011) · Plant Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02406.x · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Mantyka‐Pringle, C., Martin, T. G., & Rhodes, J. R. (2011) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02593.x · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Changes to the elevational limits and extent of species ranges associated with climate change
Wilson, R. J., Gutiérrez, D., Illán, J. G., Martínez, D. R., Agudo, R., & Monserrat, V. J. (2005) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00824.x · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Climate, climate change and range boundaries
Thomas, C. D. (2010) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00642.x · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Self-citationThomas, J. A. (2005) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1585 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of climate change on biodiversity and food security: a global perspective—a review article
Muluneh, M. G. (2021) · Agriculture & Food Security · doi:10.1186/s40066-021-00318-5 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Moilanen, A., Franco, A. M. A., Early, R., Fox, R., Wintle, B. A., & Thomas, C. D. (2005) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3164 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessment of observed changes and responses in natural and managed systems
Rosenzweig, C. E., Casassa, G., Karoly, D. J., Imeson, A. C., Liu, C., Menzel, A., Rawlins, S., Root, T. L., Seguin, B., & Tryjanowski, P. (2007) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.5167/uzh-33180 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Oliver, T. H., & Morecroft, M. D. (2014) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change · doi:10.1002/wcc.271 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Pearson, R. G., Dawson, T. P., & Liu, C. (2004) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03740.x · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Do species’ traits predict recent shifts at expanding range edges?
Angert, A. L., Crozier, L. G., Rissler, L. J., Gilman, S. E., Tewksbury, J. J., & Chunco, A. J. (2011) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01620.x · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Birds are tracking climate warming, but not fast enough
Devictor, V., Julliard, R., Couvet, D., & Jiguet, F. (2008) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0878 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Statistics for citizen science: extracting signals of change from noisy ecological data
Isaac, N. J. B., Strien, A. J. V., August, T., de Zeeuw, M. P., & Roy, D. B. (2014) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.12254 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Self-citationEcological networks: A spatial concept for multi-actor planning of sustainable landscapes
Opdam, P. F. M., Steingröver, E. G., & van Rooij, S. A. M. (2005) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.02.015 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Rapid declines of common, widespread British moths provide evidence of an insect biodiversity crisis
Conrad, K. F., Warren, M. S., Fox, R., Parsons, M. S., & Woiwod, I. P. (2006) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.020 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Self-citationSemi-natural grasslands as population sources for pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes
ÖCKINGER, E., & SMITH, H. G. (2007) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01250.x · Cited by 518 · see citing works
A northward shift of range margins in British Odonata
Hickling, R., Roy, D. B., Hill, J. K., & Thomas, C. D. (2005) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00904.x · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Self-citationClimate change hastens population extinctions
McLaughlin, J. F., Hellmann, J. J., Boggs, C. L., & Ehrlich, P. R. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.052131199 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Habitat connectivity and matrix restoration: the wider implications of agri‐environment schemes
Donald, P. F., & Evans, A. D. (2006) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01146.x · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Spatial segregation of specialists and generalists in bird communities
Julliard, R., Clavel, J. G., Devictor, V., Jiguet, F., & Couvet, D. (2006) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00977.x · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Newbold, T. (2018) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.0792 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Insects at low temperatures: an ecological perspective
Sinclair, B. J., Vernon, P., Klok, C. J., & Chown, S. L. (2003) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(03)00014-4 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Functional biotic homogenization of bird communities in disturbed landscapes
Devictor, V., Julliard, R., Clavel, J., Jiguet, F., Lee, A., & Couvet, D. (2008) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00364.x · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Range retractions and extinction in the face of climate warming
Thomas, C. D., Franco, A. M. A., & HILL, J. (2006) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.05.012 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Self-citationResponses of butterflies to twentieth century climate warming: implications for future ranges
Hill, J. K., Thomas, C. D., Fox, R., Telfer, M. G., Willis, S. G., Asher, J., & Huntley, B. J. (2002) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2134 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Self-citationCLIMATE CHANGE CAN CAUSE SPATIAL MISMATCH OF TROPHICALLY INTERACTING SPECIES
Schweiger, O., Settele, J., Kudrna, O., Klotz, S., & Kühn, I. (2008) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/07-1748.1 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Midgley, G. F., Hannah, L., Millar, D. J., Rutherford, M. C., & Powrie, L. W. (2002) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1046/j.1466-822x.2002.00307.x · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Mills, J. N., Gage, K. L., & Khan, A. S. (2010) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0901389 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Phylogenetic comparative methods and the geography of speciation
Losos, J. B., & Glor, R. E. (2003) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(03)00037-5 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Travelling through a warming world: climate change and migratory species
Robinson, R. A., Crick, H. Q. P., Learmonth, J. A., Maclean, I. D. M., Thomas, C., Bairlein, F., Forchhammer, M. C., Francis, C., Gill, J., Godley, B. J., et al. (2008) · Endangered Species Research · doi:10.3354/esr00095 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Self-citationCitizen science: a new approach to advance ecology, education, and conservation
Kobori, H., Dickinson, J. L., Washitani, I., Sakurai, R., Amano, T., Komatsu, N., Kitamura, W., Takagawa, S., Koyama, K., Ogawara, T., et al. (2015) · Ecological Research · doi:10.1007/s11284-015-1314-y · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Lenoir, J., Gégout, J., Guisan, A., Vittoz, P., Wohlgemuth, T., Zimmermann, N. E., Dullinger, S., Pauli, H., Willner, W., & Svenning, J. (2010) · Ecography · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06279.x · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Water loss in insects: An environmental change perspective
Chown, S. L., Sørensen, J. G., & Terblanche, J. S. (2011) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.05.004 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Macgregor, C. J., Thomas, C. D., Roy, D. B., Beaumont, M., Bell, J. R., BRERETON, T. M., Bridle, J. R., Dytham, C., Fox, R., Gotthard, K., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12479-w · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Self-citationBuzziness as usual? Questioning the global pollination crisis
Ghazoul, J. (2005) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.04.026 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Landscape connectivity: a return to the basics
Taylor, P. D., Fahrig, L., & With, K. A. (2006) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511754821.003 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Warren, R., Price, J. T., Graham, E., Forstenhäusler, N., & VanDerWal, J. J. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aar3646 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
The conservation and restoration of wild bees
Winfree, R. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05449.x · Cited by 395 · see citing works
POLEWARD SHIFTS IN WINTER RANGES OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS
Sorte, F. A. L., & Thompson, F. R. I. (2007) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/06-1072.1 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Declines in the numbers of amateur and professional taxonomists: implications for conservation
Hopkins, G. W., & Freckleton, R. (2002) · Animal Conservation · doi:10.1017/s1367943002002299 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Species richness changes lag behind climate change
Menéndez, R., González‐Megías, A., Hill, J. K., Braschler, B., Willis, S. G., Collingham, Y. C., Fox, R., Roy, D. B., & Thomas, C. D. (2006) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3484 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Self-citationRaxworthy, C. J., Pearson, R. G., Rabibisoa, N., Rakotondrazafy, A. M. A., Ramanamanjato, J., Raselimanana, A. P., Wu, S.-H., Nussbaum, R. A., & Stone, D. A. (2008) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01596.x · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Urbanization and homogenization – Comparing the floras of urban and rural areas in Germany
Kühn, I., & Klotz, S. (2005) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.06.033 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Colles, A., Liow, L. H., & Prinzing, A. (2009) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01336.x · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Climate envelope, life history traits and the resilience of birds facing global change
Jiguet, F., GADOT, A., Julliard, R., Newson, S. E., & Couvet, D. (2007) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01386.x · Cited by 377 · see citing works
The Fate of Clades in a World of Recurrent Climatic Change: Milankovitch Oscillations and Evolution
Jansson, R., & Dynesius, M. (2002) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150520 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Animal temperature limits and ecological relevance: effects of size, activity and rates of change
Peck, L. S., Clark, M. S., Morley, S. A., Massey, A., & Rossetti, H. (2009) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01537.x · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Compounded effects of climate change and habitat alteration shift patterns of butterfly diversity
Forister, M. L., McCall, A. C., Sanders, N. J., Fordyce, J. A., Thorne, J. H., O’Brien, J., Waetjen, D. P., & Shapiro, A. M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0909686107 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Wilson, R. J., Gutiérrez, D., Illán, J. G., & Monserrat, V. J. (2007) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01418.x · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Changes in Dispersal during Species’ Range Expansions
Simmons, A. D., & Thomas, C. D. (2004) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/423430 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Self-citationKrauß, J., Steffan-Dewenter, I. D., & Tscharntke, T. (2003) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00878.x · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Impacts of climate warming and habitat loss on extinctions at species' low‐latitude range boundaries
Franco, A. M. A., Hill, J. K., KITSCHKE, C., Collingham, Y. C., Roy, D. B., Fox, R., Huntley, B. J., & Thomas, C. D. (2006) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01180.x · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Self-citationClimate Change and Evolutionary Adaptations at Species' Range Margins
Hill, J. K., Griffiths, H. M., & Thomas, C. D. (2010) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144746 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Self-citationPotential Impacts of Climatic Change on European Breeding Birds
Huntley, B. J., Collingham, Y. C., Willis, S. G., & Green, R. E. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001439 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationSpecies traits explain recent range shifts of Finnish butterflies
Pöyry, J., Luoto, M., Heikkinen, R. K., Kuussaari, M., & Saarinen, K. (2008) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01789.x · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Midgley, G. F., Hannah, L., Millar, D. J., Thuiller, W., & Booth, A. J. (2003) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(02)00414-7 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Predicting the risk of extinction from shared ecological characteristics
Kotiaho, J. S., Kaitala, V., Komonen, A., & Päivinen, J. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0406718102 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Schweiger, O., Biesmeijer, J. C., Bommarco, R., Hickler, T., Hulme, P. E., Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Moora, M., Nielsen, A., Ohlemüller, R., et al. (2010) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.2010.00125.x · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Possible effects of habitat fragmentation and climate change on the range of forest plant species
Honnay, O., Verheyen, K., Butaye, J., Jacquemyn, H., Bossuyt, B., & Hermy, M. (2002) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2002.00346.x · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Land-use and climate change within assessments of biodiversity change: A review
de Chazal, J., & Rounsevell, M. (2009) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.09.007 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Long-term regional suppression of pink bollworm by <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> cotton
Carrière, Y., Ellers-Kirk, C., Sisterson, M., Antilla, L., Whitlow, M., Dennehy, T. J., & Tabashnik, B. E. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0436708100 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Common birds facing global changes: what makes a species at risk?
Julliard, R., Jiguet, F., & Couvet, D. (2003) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2003.00723.x · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Dynamics of range margins for metapopulations under climate change
Anderson, B. J., Akçakaya, H. R., Araújo, M. B., Fordham, D. A., Martínez‐Meyer, E., Thuiller, W., & Brook, B. W. (2009) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1681 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Trends in the state of nature and their implications for human well‐being
Balmford, A. P., & Bond, W. J. (2005) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00814.x · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Climate change modifies risk of global biodiversity loss due to land-cover change
Mantyka‐Pringle, C., Visconti, P., Marco, M. D., Martin, T. G., Rondinini, C., & Rhodes, J. R. (2015) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2015.04.016 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
The decline of moths in Great Britain: a review of possible causes
FOX, R. (2013) · Insect Conservation and Diversity · doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2012.00186.x · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citationVos, C. C., Berry, P. M., Opdam, P. F. M., Baveco, J. M., Nijhof, B. S. J., O’Hanley, J. R., Bell, C., & Kuipers, H. (2008) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01569.x · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Successful range-expanding plants experience less above-ground and below-ground enemy impact
Engelkes, T., Morriën, E., Verhoeven, K. J. F., Bezemer, Т. M., Biere, A., Harvey, J. A., McIntyre, L. M., Tamis, W. L. M., & van der Putten, W. H. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07474 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Land-use change interacts with climate to determine elevational species redistribution
Guo, F., Lenoir, J., & Bonebrake, T. C. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03786-9 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Effects of climatic change on the phenology of butterflies in the northwest Mediterranean Basin
Stefanescu, C., Peñuelas, J., & Filella, I. (2003) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00682.x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Brooker, R. W., Travis, J. M. J., Clark, E. J., & Dytham, C. (2006) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.09.033 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Large subglacial lakes in East Antarctica at the onset of fast-flowing ice streams
Bell, R. E., Studinger, M., Shuman, C. A., Fahnestock, M. A., & Joughin, I. R. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05554 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Climate Change, Aboveground-Belowground Interactions, and Species' Range Shifts
van der Putten, W. H. (2012) · Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110411-160423 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
- Authors
- Warren, M. S., Hill, J. K., Thomas, J. A., Asher, J., Fox, R., Huntley, B., Roy, D. B., Telfer, M. G., Jeffcoate, S., Harding, P., Jeffcoate, G., Willis, S. G., Greatorex-Davies, J. N., Moss, D., & Thomas, C. D.
- Affiliations
- Butterfly Conservation (GB)
- Durham University (GB)
- Dorset Green Technology Park (GB)
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Thomas, C. D.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 414
- Issue
- 6859
- Pages
- 65-69
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1620630482
- Cited by
- 1,333
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 93 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 76
- FWCI
- 33.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- orcid.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecological Modeling › Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Lepidoptera: Biology and Taxonomy
- Keywords
- butterflies, climate change, habitat loss, range shifts, species distribution, population abundance, habitat generalists, habitat specialists, global warming, habitat degradation, Great Britain
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Butterflies, Climate, Environment, United Kingdom, Population Dynamics, Seasons, Species Specificity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
