Cessation in the use of tobacco – pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic routines in patients
Abstract
Introduction: Approximately one‐third of the adult population in industrial countries and 70% in several Asian countries are daily smokers. Tobacco is now regarded as the world's leading cause of death. Approximately two‐thirds of lifelong smokers eventually die because of smoking. Smoking cessation is the most effective action to reduce mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary heart disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of smoking cessation programmes in patients with smoking‐related disorders. Methods: Medline was searched for studies of interventions for smoking cessation in patients. Results: In patients with cardiovascular diseases and COPD, smoking cessation programmes with behavioural support over several months significantly increase quit rates. The intensity of the programmes seems to be proportional to the effect. A long follow‐up period is probably the most important element in the programmes. Even the most intensive programmes are very cost‐effective in terms of cost per life‐year gained. Effective programmes can be delivered by personnel without special education in smoking cessation using simple intervention principles. Conclusions: In patients with smoking‐related disorders, smoking cessation interventions with several months of follow‐up are effective and easily applicable in clinical practice. Wider implementation of such programmes would be a cost‐effective way of saving lives. Please cite this paper as: Quist‐Paulsen P. Cessation in the use of tobacco – pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic routines in patients. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 4–10.
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The 2006 Surgeon General report indicates that nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke at home or at work increase their risk of developing coronary heart disease by 25% to 30%.
“Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke at home or at work increase their risk of developing CHD by 25% to 30%.”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
There was an inverse association by education level: college graduates had a 20.8% rate of obesity, whereas those with less than a high school education had an obesity prevalence of 32.9%.
“College graduates had a 20.8% rate of obesity, whereas those who attained less than a high school education had an obesity prevalence of 32.9%.20”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
The 9p21.3 region has been associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm.
“The same 9p21.3 region has also been associated with intracranial aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA),20 and ischemic stroke.21”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
The 9p21.3 region has been associated with intracranial aneurysm.
“The same 9p21.3 region has also been associated with intracranial aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA),20 and ischemic stroke.21”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
Most of the increase in absolute incidence of diabetes occurred in individuals with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher (P for trend = 0.03).
“Most of the increase in absolute incidence of DM occurred in individuals with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (P for trend=0.03).20”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
In NHANES II mortality follow-up among US adults, risk of CHD, CVD, and total mortality increased stepwise across categories from no disease to metabolic syndrome without DM, DM, prior CVD, and CVD plus DM.
“mortality follow-up of the second NHANES showed a stepwise increase in risk of CHD, CVD, and total mortality across the spectrum of no disease, metabolic syndrome (without DM), DM, prior CVD, and those with CVD and DM”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
Risk rose as the count of metabolic syndrome risk factors increased.
“Increased risk was seen with increased numbers of metabolic syndrome risk factors.20”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
Metabolic syndrome was associated with HR 2.02 (95% CI 1.42-2.89) for CHD mortality in that study.
“with an HR for CHD mortality of 2.02 (95% CI, 1.42–2.89) associated with metabolic syndrome.”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
Studies across broad cohorts show that reduced eGFR is associated with higher risk of CVD, CVD outcomes, and all-cause death, largely independent of other major CVD risk factors.
“Studies from a broad range of cohorts demonstrate an association between reduced eGFR and elevated risk of CVD, CVD outcomes, and all-cause death17,20–25 that appears to be largely independent of other known major CVD risk factors.”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Quist‐Paulsen, P.
- Affiliations
- St Olav's University Hospital (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Quist‐Paulsen, Petter
- Venue
- The Clinical Respiratory Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-11-06
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-10
- ISSN
- 1752-6981 (ISSN-L)
- 1752-699X
- OpenAlex
- W1530974344
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2020: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Clinical Respiratory Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, smoking cessation interventions, behavioral support, pharmacological interventions, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular disease, quit rates, follow-up duration, cost-effectiveness, cost per life-year gained, clinical implementation
- MeSH terms
- Coronary Disease, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Humans, Nicotine, Patient Education as Topic, Time Factors, Smoking Cessation, Nicotinic Agonists, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Directive Counseling
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