Cited by 278Health Policy Implementation ScienceHealth Sciences Research and EducationClinical practice guidelines implementation

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Developing Robust, Sustainable, Implementation Systems Using Rigorous, Rapid and Relevant Science

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Glasgow, Russell E., Chambers, David·2012·Clinical and Translational Science

DOI 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00383.xPMC PMC5439908

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Abstract

Background: Current approaches to medical science generally have not resulted in rapid, robust integration into feasible, sustainable real world healthcare programs and policies. Implementation science risks falling short of expectations if it aligns with historical norms. Fundamentally different scientific approaches are needed to accelerate such integration. Methods: We propose that the key goal of implementation science should be to study the development, spread and sustainability of broadly applicable and practical programs, treatments, guidelines, and policies that are contextually relevant and robust across diverse settings, delivery staff, and subgroups. We recommend key conceptual and methodological characteristics needed to accomplish these goals. Results: The methods to produce such advances should be rapid, rigorous, transparent, and contextually relevant. We recommend approaches that incorporate a systems perspective, investigate generalizability, are transparent, and employ practical measures and participatory approaches. Conclusions: To produce different outcomes, we need to think and act differently. Implications of such an implementation science approach include fundamental changes that should be relevant to Clinical Translational Science Award investigators, comparative effectiveness researchers, those interested in pragmatic trials, grant funders, and community partners. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume #: 1–8

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Self-citation
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Additional file 1 of Hospital pharmacists’ experiences of participating in a partnered pharmacist medication charting credentialing program: a qualitative study
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Additional file 2 of A RE-AIM evaluation in early adopters to iteratively improve the online BeUpstanding™ program supporting workers to sit less and move more
Healy, G. N., WINKLER, E. A. H., & Goode, A. D. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16851433
Additional file 1 of The measurement-based care to opioid treatment programs project (MBC2OTP): a study protocol using rapid assessment procedure informed clinical ethnography
Scott, K., Guigayoma, J. P., Palinkas, L. A., Beaudoin, F. L., Clark, M. A., & Becker, S. J. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20521451
When to Halt Implementation: Barriers in a Lay Counselor Narrative Exposure Therapy Training Program
Bialas, A., Meyer, D. J., Orr, J., Arman, A., O’Connor, M. H., & Owen-Smith, A. (2026) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-026-01603-y
“Implementation science emphasizes the importance of systematically documenting both successful and unsuccessful implementation attempts, as lessons from halted programs can be equally valuable for informing future efforts (Brownson et al., 2017; Glasgow & Chambers, 2012; Nilsen, 2015).”
Reciprocal innovation in implementation science and global health: reflections from the EXTRA-CVD (extending the HIV treatment cascade for cardiovascular disease prevention) study
Leung, C. L., Bosworth, H. B., Webel, A. R., Aifah, A. A., Akwanalo, C. O., Bloomfield, G. S., Choi, E. W., Gripshover, B., Hileman, C. O., Kamano, J. H., et al. (2026) · BMC Global and Public Health · doi:10.1186/s44263-026-00257-y
“Yet despite these shared commitments, both fields often continue to rely on linear models of innovation and adaptation that assume a fixed origin of knowledge and limit opportunities for sustained learning across contexts [7, 8].”
Community pharmacy practice transformation: Evaluating sustainability of patient care services
Ferreri, S. P., Bacci, J. L., Doucette, W. R., Daly, C. J., McDonough, R. P., Roller, J., McGivney, M. S., Smith, M. G., & Coley, K. C. (2026) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2026.103084 · Cited by 1
Tracing the threads: a system dynamics and network diffusion model of kangaroo care implementation in neonatal care
Nyantakyi, E., Block, P., Clack, L., & Schultes, M.-T. (2026) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-026-00907-0
“To examine this, traditional research approaches in implementation science have often relied on linear conceptualizations of cause and effect, which do not encompass the interdependencies and cascading effects inherent to real-world implementation [16, 17].”
Working With Large Qualitative Datasets: Key Processes From an Implementation Study in a Complex Clinical Setting
Schmitt, M. E., Kavanaugh, K. L., Gralton, K. S., White‐Traut, R. C., Brandon, D., Rigby-McCotter, C., & Norr, K. F. (2026) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069261445335
“In addition, rapid data collection and analysis are often crucial for making adaptations to the intervention or implementing new strategies to address barriers in ‘real time’ (Glasgow & Chambers, 2012; Nevedal et al., 2021).”
Multi-method approaches to develop and refine a tobacco cessation workflow within a federally qualified health center
Salgin, L., Calzo, J. P., Felner, J. K., Strong, D., Seifert, M., & Rabin, B. A. (2026) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-026-01038-2
“…science has long recognized the importance of ensuring evidence-based practices have impact in real-world settings [46], alongside the need to accelerate the uptake of interventions into clinical settings [47, 48] Rapid assessment and feedback is essential to achieving these goals [49].”
A cross-sectional examination of core functions and adaptable forms in co-located service models for intimate partner and sexual violence
Deinse, T. B. V., Rizo, C. F., Metz, J., Murray, C., & Bunger, A. C. (2026) · Women s Health · doi:10.1177/17455057261485000
“To 19–22 Conceptualizing IPV/SV co-located centers as complex health interventions Complex health interventions are often characterized as having a high degree of tailoring and flexibility based on context, 13 including but not limited to client or patient needs, organizational characteristics, and…”
Rapid qualitative analysis in implementation science: a protocol for a methodological scoping review and the development of reporting recommendations
Wei, X.-H., Chen, X.-Y., Wang, Y.-Y., Fu, J.-J., Yang, G.-Y., Sun, J., & Lu, C.-L. (2026) · Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine and Technology Assessment · doi:10.26599/ecmta.2026.9570046
Improving Science Will Require More Than Just Training
King, K. M., Lui, P. P., & Dora, J. (2026) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026251408051
Information Technology Enhancements Targeting Screening, Intervention, and Linkage for Acute Care Medical Patients with PTSD and Related Comorbidity: An Evolving Model
Zatzick, D., Russo, J. E., Kelly, C. M., Peterson, R. S., Love, J., Ingraham, L. M., Neam, V., Guiney, R., Sandgren, K., Yao, J.-P., et al. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08359-9_36

Authors: Glasgow, R. E., & Chambers, D.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
National Institute of Mental Health (US)
Corresponding author: Glasgow, Russell E.
ORCID: Glasgow, Russell E.
Venue: Clinical and Translational Science
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-02
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Pages: 48-55
ISSN: 1752-8054 (ISSN-L)
1752-8062
DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00383.x
PMC: PMC5439908
OpenAlex: W1980568269
Cited by: 278
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 33.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 22 d)
Locations: Clinical and Translational Science (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Keywords: implementation science, generalizability, systems approach, participatory approach, translational research, pragmatic trials, comparative effectiveness research, research transparency
MeSH terms: Cooperative Behavior, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Humans, Organizational Objectives, Research Design, Research Support as Topic, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Community Networks, Evidence-Based Medicine, Translational Research, Biomedical, Comparative Effectiveness Research

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Developing Robust, Sustainable, Implementation Systems Using Rigorous, Rapid and Relevant Science

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