Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 860

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The Obesity Epidemic Is a Worldwide Phenomenon

Open access
Popkin, Barry M., Doak, Colleen M.·2009·Nutrition Reviews
DOI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01722.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Obesity is not just a disease of developed nations. Obesity levels in some lower-income and transitional countries are as high as or higher than those reported for the United States and other developed countries, and those levels are increasing rapidly. Shifts in diet and activity are consistent with these changes, but little systematic work has been done to understand all the factors contributing to these high levels. The goal of this review is to provide an understanding of the patterns and trends of obesity around the world and some of the major forces affecting these trends. Several nationally representative and nationwide surveys are discussed.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01722.x

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 60

  1. 1966, Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language
  2. Popkin, 1995, Body weight patterns among the Chinese: results from the 1989 and 1991 China Health and Nutrition Surveys, Am J Public Health, 85, 690, 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.690 · DOI
  3. Beckles, 1985, Obesity in women in an urban Trinidadian community: prevalence and associated characteristics, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 9, 127
  4. Berdasco, 1994, Body mass index values in the Cuban adult population, Eur J Clin Nutr, 48, S155
  5. Chadha, 1990, Epidemiological study of coronary heart disease in urban population of Delhi, Indian J Med Res, 92, 424
  6. Delpeuch, 1994, Is body mass index sensitively related to socio-economic status and to economic adjustment? A case study from the Congo, Eur J Clin Nutr, 48, S141
  7. Duncan, 1993, Socioeconomic distribution of noncommunicable disease risk factors in urban Brazil: the case of Porto Alegre, Bull Pan Am Health Organ, 24, 337
  8. Galal, 1997, Preventive nutrition: the comprehensive guide for health professionals
  9. INCLEN Multicentre Collaborative Group, 1992, Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the developing world: a multicentre collaborative study in the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN), J Clin Epidemiol, 45, 841, 10.1016/0895-4356(92)90067-W · DOI
  10. INCLEN Multicentre Collaborative Group, 1994, Socio-economic status and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a multicentre collaborative study in the International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN), J Clin Epidemiol, 47, 1401, 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90084-1 · DOI
  11. Ladda, 1993, Increasing obesity in school children in a transitional society and the effect of the weight control program, Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 24, 590
  12. Monteiro, 1995, The nutrition transition in Brazil, Eur J Clin Nutr, 49, 105
  13. Sinha, 1992, Changing nutritional patterns in the Caribbean and their implications for health, Food Nutr Bull, 14, 88, 10.1177/156482659201400213 · DOI
  14. Steyn, 1991, Risk factors for coronary heart disease in the black population of the Cape Peninsula: the BRISK Study, S Afr Med J, 79, 480
  15. Tanphaichitr, 1991, Progress in obesity research, 1990, 649
  16. Popkin, 1996, Stunting is associated with overweight in children of four nations that are undergoing the nutrition transition, J Nutr, 126, 3009, 10.1093/jn/126.12.3009 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Popkin, 1993, The nutrition transition in China: a cross-sectional analysis, Eur J Clin Nutr, 47, 333
  18. Mroz, 1995, Poverty and the economic transition in the Russian Federation, Econ Devel Cult Change, 44, 1, 10.1086/452199 · DOI
  19. Popkin, 1996, The nutritional status of the elderly in Russia, 1992-1994, Am J Public Health, 86, 355, 10.2105/AJPH.86.3.355 · doi:10.2105/ajph.86.3.355
  20. WHO Expert Committee, 1995, Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry: report of a WHO Expert Committee
  21. Kuczmarski, 1994, Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960-1991, JAMA, 272, 205, 10.1001/jama.1994.03520030047027 · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520030047027 · Paper page
  22. Anon, 1997, Update: prevalence of overweight among children, adolescents, and adults: United States, 1988-94, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 46, 199
  23. Anon, 1993, The health of the nation: one-year on a report on the progress of the health of the nation
  24. Kuskowska-Wolk, 1993, Trends in body mass index and prevalence of obesity in Swedish women, 1980-89, J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, 195, 10.1136/jech.47.3.195 · DOI
  25. Kuskowska-Wolk, 1993, Trends in body mass index and prevalence of obesity in Swedish men, 1980-89, J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, 103, 10.1136/jech.47.2.103 · DOI
  26. Hoffmeister, 1994, National trends in risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Germany, Prev Med, 23, 197, 10.1006/pmed.1994.1027 · DOI
  27. Pietinen, 1996, Trends in body mass index and obesity among adults in Finland from 1972-1992, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, 114
  28. Bennett, 1994, Trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Australia: results from the National Heart Foundation's Risk Factor Prevalence Study, 1980-1989, Med J of Australia, 161, 519, 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127594.x · DOI
  29. Pagano, 1997, Trends in overweight and obesity among Italian adults, 1983-1994, Am J Public Health, 87, 1869, 10.2105/AJPH.87.11.1869 · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.11.1869
  30. Shetty, 1994, Body mass index: a measure of chronic energy deficiency in adults
  31. Dufour, 1994, Anthropometry and secular changes in stature of urban Colombian women of differing socioeconomic status, Am J Hum Biol, 6, 749, 10.1002/ajhb.1310060609 · DOI
  32. Sánchez-Castillo C. Lara JJ James WPT. Diet and nutritional trends in Mexico Proceedings of the International Congress of Nutrition Canadian Federation of Biological Sciences
  33. Ge, 1996, The dietary and nutrition status of Chinese population
  34. Sachdev, 1997, Nutritional status of children and women in India: recent trends, Bull Nutr Found India, 18, 3
  35. Solon, 1997, Nutrition related chronic diseases in the Philippines, vol 2
  36. Ismail, 1995, Prevalence of obesity and chronic energy deficiency (CED) in adult Malaysians, Malays J Nutr, 1, 1
  37. Hodge, 1996, Obesity in Pacific populations, Pacific Health Dialog, 3, 77
  38. Tassie, 1997, The CALDIA Study Group: nutritional status in adults in the pluri-ethnic population of New Caledonia, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, 61, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800364 · DOI
  39. Al-lsa, 1995, Prevalence of obesity among adult Kuwaitis: a cross-sectional study, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, 431
  40. Al-Nuaim, 1996, High prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, 547
  41. Jooste, 1988, Prevalence of overweight and obesity and its relation to coronary heart disease in the CORIS study, S Afr Med J, 74, 101
  42. Steyn, 1990, Anthropometric profile of the coloured population of the Cape Peninsula, S Afr Med J, 78, 68
  43. Hodge, 1996, Incidence, increasing prevalence, and predictors of change in obesity and fat distribution over 5 years in the rapidly developing population of Mauritius, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 20, 137
  44. Forrester, 1996, The origins and consequences of obesity, 17
  45. Bourne LT Walker ARP. The nutrition transition in the Republic of South Africa Proceedings of the International Congress of Nutrition Canadian Federation of Biological Sciences
  46. Monteiro , Carlos A. The changing nature of nutritional disorders in the developing countries: the case of Brazil. Proceedings of the International Congress of Nutrition Canadian Federation of Biological Sciences
  47. Ge, 1994, The body mass index of Chinese adults in the 1980s, Eur J Clin Nutr, 48, S148
  48. Al-lsa, 1997, Changes in body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity among Kuwaitis, 1980-1994, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 21, 1093, 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800505 · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800505
  49. Popkin, 1995, Body weight patterns among the Chinese: results from the 1989 and 1991 China Health and Nutrition Surveys, Am J Public Health, 85, 690, 10.2105/AJPH.85.5.690 · DOI
  50. Hodge, 1994, Dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity in Western Samoa over the 13-year period, 1978-1991, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, 419
  51. Hodge, 1995, Prevalence and secular trends in obesity in Pacific and Indian Ocean Island populations, Obes Res, 3, 77S, 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00450.x · DOI
  52. Taylor, 1992, Dietary intake, exercise, obesity and noncommunicable disease in rural and urban populations of three Pacific Island countries, J Am Coll Nutr, 11, 283, 10.1080/07315724.1992.10718229 · DOI
  53. Brown, 1987, An anthropological perspective on obesity, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 499, 29, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36195.x · DOI · Paper page
  54. Popkin, 1998, The encyclopedia of human nutrition
  55. Drewnowski, 1997, The nutrition transition: new trends in the global diet, Nutr Rev, 55, 31, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1997.tb01593.x · DOI · Paper page
  56. Popkin, 1994, The nutrition transition in low-income countries: an emerging crisis, Nutr Rev, 52, 285, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1994.tb01460.x · DOI · Paper page
  57. Popkin, 1995, Dietary and environmental correlates of obesity in a population study in China, Obes Res, 3, 135S, 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00456.x · DOI
  58. Popkin, 1988, Urbanization and nutrition in low-income countries, Food Nutr Bull, 10, 3, 10.1177/156482658801000118 · DOI
  59. Zimmet, 1997, The global epidemiology of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome, J Diabetes Complications, 11, 60, 10.1016/S1056-8727(96)00090-6 · DOI · Paper page
  60. Seidell, 1995, Obesity in Europe, Obes Res, 3, 89S, 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00451.x · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 860

Metadata

Authors
Popkin, B. M., & Doak, C. M.
Venue
Nutrition Reviews
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2009-04-27
Volume
56
Issue
4
Pages
106-114
ISSN
  • 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
  • 1753-4887
DOI
10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01722.x
OpenAlex
W2098303506
Cited by
860
References
0
FWCI
56.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Obesity Epidemic Is a Worldwide Phenomenon. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01722.x
The paper
Popkin, B. M., & Doak, C. M. (2009). The Obesity Epidemic Is a Worldwide Phenomenon. Nutrition Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01722.x

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.