Cited by 153Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Disease and AdiposityAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

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The Epidemiology of Central Fat Distribution in Relation to Disease

Pi-Sunyer, F. Xavier·2004·Nutrition Reviews

DOI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00081.x

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Abstract

The effect of fat distribution on disease risk is a subject of great interest. Central fat has been measured anthropometrically, by computed tomography, and by magnetic resonance imaging. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have related central fat to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, independent of body mass index. The mechanism may relate to increased lipolysis causing the liver to increase glucose and very low density lipoprotein output, while muscle uses less. This leads to a rise in blood glucose and triglycerides, a drop in HDL cholesterol, and an increase in small, dense LDL particles. There is also an increase in blood pressure and inflammatory markers. Certain populations put on excess fat more centrally than others. These include Asian populations. It is likely that with better differentiation of abdominal fat into visceral and subcutaneous depots, clearer data will accrue on their impact on disease risk.

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Authors: Pi-Sunyer, F. X.
Venue: Nutrition Reviews
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2004-07
Volume: 62
Issue: 7 Pt 2
Pages: S120-S126
ISSN: 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
1753-4887
DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00081.x
OpenAlex: W2170830702
Cited by: 153
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 1.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords: central fat distribution, abdominal obesity, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lipolysis, hepatic glucose production, VLDL, HDL cholesterol, small dense LDL, triglycerides, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, Asian populations, disease risk
MeSH terms: Abdomen, Adipose Tissue, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Lipid Metabolism

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The Epidemiology of Central Fat Distribution in Relation to Disease

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