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The Epidemiology of Central Fat Distribution in Relation to Disease
Abstract
The effect of fat distribution on disease risk is a subject of great interest. Central fat has been measured anthropometrically, by computed tomography, and by magnetic resonance imaging. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have related central fat to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, independent of body mass index. The mechanism may relate to increased lipolysis causing the liver to increase glucose and very low density lipoprotein output, while muscle uses less. This leads to a rise in blood glucose and triglycerides, a drop in HDL cholesterol, and an increase in small, dense LDL particles. There is also an increase in blood pressure and inflammatory markers. Certain populations put on excess fat more centrally than others. These include Asian populations. It is likely that with better differentiation of abdominal fat into visceral and subcutaneous depots, clearer data will accrue on their impact on disease risk.
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“Increased adiposity in women produces a relatively benign form of obesity, whereas in males it is associated with higher risk for hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and heart disease [51].”
From Developmental programming of offspring adipose tissue biology and obesity risk (2021) · cites this paper as [51]
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Akar, S., Sarı, İ., Çömlekçi, A., Bırlık, M., Önen, F., Göktay, Y., Akkoç, N., & Özaksoy, D. (2014) · European Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.5152/eurjrheumatol.2014.035 · Cited by 10
Bevilacqua, M. T., Righini, V., Barrella, M., Vago, T., Chebat, E., & Dominguez, L. J. (2005) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/bf02849947 · Cited by 10
Akyürek, N., Atabek, M. E., Eklioğlu, B. S., & Alp, H. (2015) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2015.02.005 · Cited by 9
Muka, T., Blekkenhorst, L. C., Lewis, J. R., Prince, R. L., Erler, N. S., Albert Hofman, D., Franco, O. H., Rivadeneira, F., & Jong, J. C. K. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.018 · Cited by 8
HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DENGAN KADAR LEPTIN DAN ADIPONEKTIN
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Mishra, S., & Nyomba, B. L. G. (2019) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370219828362 · Cited by 13
Kalenga, C. Z., Ramesh, S., Dumanski, S. M., MacRae, J. M., Nerenberg, K. A., Metcalfe, A., Sola, D. Y., & Ahmed, S. B. (2021) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.317 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Pi-Sunyer, F. X.
- Venue
- Nutrition Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-07
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 7 Pt 2
- Pages
- S120-S126
- ISSN
- 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
- 1753-4887
- OpenAlex
- W2170830702
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- central fat distribution, abdominal obesity, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lipolysis, hepatic glucose production, VLDL, HDL cholesterol, small dense LDL, triglycerides, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, Asian populations, disease risk
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Adipose Tissue, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Lipid Metabolism
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