Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 811

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Allometric Scaling of M-Mode Cardiac Measurements in Normal Adult Dogs

Open access
Cornell, Craig C, Kittleson, Mark D, Torre, Paul Della, Häggström, Jens, Lombard, Christophe W, Pedersen, Henrik D, Vollmar, Andrea, Wey, Aaron·2004·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
DOI 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Indices for M-mode measurements in dogs usually have been based on the assumption that a linear relationship exists between these measurements and body weight (BW) or body surface area (BSA). The relationships between the geometry of 3-dimensional objects do not support this assumption. The purposes of this study were to retrospectively examine M-mode data from a large number of dogs of varying sizes and breeds that were examined by a large number of ultrasonographers, to use the allometric equation to determine the appropriate BW exponent required to predict these cardiac dimensions, and to determine normal mean values and prediction intervals for common M-mode variables. Linear regression analyses of data from 494 dogs (2.2–95 kg) revealed a good correlation between M-mode measurements and BW after logarithmic transformation of the data (r2= .55-.88). Most variables were most closely related to an index of body length, BW1/3, although the exponent that best predicted diastolic and systolic left ventricular wall thicknesses was closer to 0.25. No variable indexed well to BW or BSA. With these data, appropriate mean values and prediction intervals were calculated for normal dogs, allowing veterinarians to correctly and appropriately index M-mode values. The equations developed from this study appear to be applicable to adult dogs of most breeds.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 70

  1. Boon, 1984, Echocardiographic indices in the normal dog, Vet Radiol, 24, 214, 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1983.tb00718.x · DOI
  2. Lombard, 1984, Normal values of the canine M-mode echocardio-gram, Am J Vet Res, 45, 2015, 10.2460/ajvr.1984.45.10.2015 · DOI
  3. Jacobs, 1988, Multiple regression analysis, using body size and cardiac cycle length, in predicting echocardiographic variables in dogs, Am J Vet Res, 49, 1290, 10.2460/ajvr.1988.49.08.1290 · doi:10.2460/ajvr.1988.49.08.1290
  4. de Madron, 1995, Mise au point sur les valeurs echocardiographiques TM normales chez le chien, Prat Med Chirurg Anim Compagnie, 30, 647
  5. Della, 2000, Echocardio-graphic measurements in Greyhounds, Whippets and Italian Greyhound dogs with a similar conformation but different size, Aust Vet J, 78, 49, 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10361.x · doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10361.x
  6. Rishniw, 2000, Evaluation of four 2-dimensional echocar-diographic methods of assessing left atrial size in dogs, J Vet Intern Med, 14, 429, 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02252.x · DOI · Paper page
  7. Bonagura, 1985, Echocardiology: Principles of interpretation, Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 15, 1177, 10.1016/S0195-5616(85)50364-2 · doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(85)50364-2
  8. Ware, 1998, Essentials of Small Animal Internal Medicine, 39
  9. Gonçalves, 2002, Linear, logarithmic, and polynomial models of M-mode echocardiographic measurements in dogs, Am J Vet Res, 63, 994, 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.994 · doi:10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.994
  10. Bonagura, 2000, Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 849
  11. Morrison, 1992, Effect of breed and body weight on echocardiographic values in four breeds of dogs of differing somatotype, J Vet Intern Med, 6, 220, 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00342.x · DOI
  12. Moïse, 1999, Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology: Principles and Clinical Practice, 145
  13. Brown, 2003, M-mode echocardio-graphic ratio indices in normal dogs, cats and horses: A novel quantitative method, J Vet Intern Med, 17, 653, 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02496.x · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02496.x
  14. Godfrey, 1985, Simple linear regression in medical research, N Engl J Med, 313, 1629, 10.1056/NEJM198512263132604 · DOI
  15. Holt, 1962, Left ventricular function in mammals of greatly different size, Circ Res, 10, 798, 10.1161/01.RES.10.5.798 · DOI
  16. Holt, 1968, Ventricular volumes and body weight in mammals, Am J Physiol, 215, 704, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.215.3.704 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Stahl, 1967, Scaling of respiratory variables in mammals, J Appl Physiol, 22, 453, 10.1152/jappl.1967.22.3.453 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Gutgesell, 1990, Growth of the human heart relative to body surface area, Am J Cardiol, 65, 662, 10.1016/0002-9149(90)91048-B · DOI · Paper page
  19. Holt, 1981, Geometric similarity of aorta venae cavae, and certain of their branches in mammals, Am J Physiol, 241, R100
  20. Batterham, 1999, Scaling cardiac structural data by body dimensions: A review of theory, practice and problems, Int J Sports Med, 20, 495, 10.1055/s-1999-8844 · DOI
  21. Sisson, 1991, Changes in linear dimensions of the heart, relative to body weight, as measured by M-mode echocardiog-raphy in growing dogs, Am J Vet Res, 52, 1591, 10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.10.1591 · DOI
  22. Voogd, 1979, Echocardiology. Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Echocardiology, 299
  23. Bayón, 1994, M-mode echocardiography study in growing Spanish mastiffs, J Small Anim Pract, 35, 473, 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1994.tb03953.x · doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1994.tb03953.x
  24. Korcarz, 1997, Doppler echocardio-graphic reference values for healthy rhesus monkeys under ketamine hydrochloride sedation, J Med Primatol, 26, 287, 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1997.tb00057.x · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0684.1997.tb00057.x
  25. Gooding, 1986, Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular dimensions in clinically normal English Cocker Spaniels, Am J Vet Res, 47, 296, 10.2460/ajvr.1986.47.02.296 · DOI
  26. de Madron, 1983, Aspects échocardiographiques normaux du coeur de chien, Prat Med Chirurg Anim Compagnie, 18, 39
  27. Mashiro, 1976, Ventricular dimensions measured noninvasively by echocardiography in the awake dog, J Appl Physiol, 41, 953, 10.1152/jappl.1976.41.6.953 · doi:10.1152/jappl.1976.41.6.953
  28. Häggström, 2000, Secretion patterns of the natriuretic peptides in naturally acquired mitral regurgitation attributable to chronic valvular disease in dogs, J Vet Cardiol, 2, 7, 10.1016/S1760-2734(06)70002-9 · doi:10.1016/s1760-2734(06)70002-9
  29. Vollmar, 1999, Echocardiographic measurement in the Irish Wolfhound: Reference values for the breed, J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 35, 271, 10.5326/15473317-35-4-271 · DOI
  30. Wey, 2000, Dobutamine stress echocardiography in normal adult dogs, J Vet Intern Med, 14, 336
  31. Stepien, 1998, Effect of endurance training on cardiac morphology in Alaskan Sled Dogs, J Appl Physiol, 85, 1368, 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1368 · DOI
  32. Crippa, 1992, Echocardiographic parameters and indices in the normal Beagle dog, Lab Anim, 26, 190, 10.1258/002367792780740512 · DOI
  33. Hanton, 1998, Echocardiography, a non-invasive method for the investigation of heart morphology and function in laboratory dogs: 1. Method and reference values for M-mode parameters, Lab Anim, 32, 173, 10.1258/002367798780599992 · doi:10.1258/002367798780599992
  34. Vollmar, 1998, Kardiologische untersuchungen beim Deerhound, referenzwerte für die echodiagnostik, Kleintierpraxis, 43, 497
  35. Calvert, 1986, Use of M-mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of congestive cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers, J Am Vet Med Assoc, 189, 293, 10.2460/javma.1986.189.03.293 · DOI
  36. Koch, 1996, M-mode echo-cardiographic diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in giant breed dogs, J Vet Med, 43, 297, 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00456.x · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00456.x
  37. Page, 1993, Echocardiographic values in the greyhound, Aust Vet J, 70, 361, 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1993.tb00808.x · doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1993.tb00808.x
  38. Snyder, 1995, A comparison of echocardio-graphic indices of the nonracing healthy greyhound to reference values from other breeds, Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 36, 387, 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00283.x · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00283.x
  39. Baade, 2002, Echokardiographische Re-ferenzwerte beim West Highland White Terrier unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Rechtsherzfunktion, Tierärztl Prax Ausg K Klein-tiere Heimtiere, 30, 172
  40. Tidholm, 2001, Effects of dilated car-diomyopathy on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, atrial na-triuric peptide activity, and thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs, Am J Vet Res, 62, 961, 10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.961 · doi:10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.961
  41. Minors, 1998, Resting and dobutamine stress echo-cardiographic factors associated with the development of occult dilated cardiomyopathy in healthy Doberman Pinscher dogs, J Vet Intern Med, 12, 369, 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02137.x · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02137.x
  42. Gaasch, 1979, Left ventricular radius to wall thickness ratio, Am J Cardiol, 43, 1189, 10.1016/0002-9149(79)90152-8 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Brownlie, 1999, Observations on the development of congestive heart failure in Irish Wolfhounds with dilated cardiomy-opathy, J Small Anim Pract, 40, 371, 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1999.tb03102.x · DOI
  44. Pombo, 1971, Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by echocardiography, Circulation, 43, 480, 10.1161/01.CIR.43.4.480 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Troy, 1972, Measurement of left ventricular wall thickness and mass by echocardiography, Circulation, 45, 602, 10.1161/01.CIR.45.3.602 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Moïse, 1988, Canine and Feline Cardiology, 146
  47. Bonagura, 2000, Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 860
  48. Dukes-McEwan, 2002, Doppler echocar-diography in the dog: Measurement variability and reproducibility, Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 43, 144, 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01662.x · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01662.x
  49. Lonsdale, 1998, Echocardiographic parameters in training compared with non-training Greyhounds, Vet Ra-diol Ultrasound, 39, 325, 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01615.x · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01615.x
  50. Batterham, 1998, Modeling the influence of body size and composition on M-mode echocardiographic dimensions, Am J Physiol, 274, H701
  51. Litster, 2000, Radiographic and echocardiographic measurements of the heart in obese cats, Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 41, 320, 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb02080.x · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb02080.x
  52. Verwaerde, 1999, Changes in short-term variability of blood pressure and heart rate during the development of obesity-associated hypertension in high-fat fed dogs, J Hy-pertens, 17, 1135
  53. Jacobs, 1985, M-mode echocardiographic measurements in nonanesthetized healthy cats: Effects of body weight, heart rate and other variables, Am J Vet Res, 46, 1705, 10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.08.1705 · DOI
  54. Jacobs, 1988, Influences of alterations in heart rate on echocardiographic measurements in the dog, Am J Vet Res, 49, 548, 10.2460/ajvr.1988.49.04.548 · doi:10.2460/ajvr.1988.49.04.548
  55. Noble, 1969, Effect of changes in heart rate on left ventricular perfomance in conscious dogs, Circ Res, 24, 285, 10.1161/01.RES.24.2.285 · doi:10.1161/01.res.24.2.285
  56. DeMaria, 1979, Systematic correlation of cardiac chamber size and ventricular performance determined with echocardiography and alterations in heart rate in normal persons, Am J Cardiol, 43, 1, 10.1016/0002-9149(79)90036-5 · DOI
  57. Sleeper, 2002, Dilated cardiomyopathy in juvenile Portuguese Water Dogs, J Vet Intern Med, 16, 52, 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2002.tb01606.x · DOI
  58. Chaves, 2001, Non-invasive echocar-diographic studies in mice. Influence of anesthetic regimen, Life Sci, 69, 213, 10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01123-7 · DOI
  59. Dunkle, 1986, Cardiac performance in cats after administration of xylazine or xylazine and gly-copyrrolate: Echocardiographic evaluations, Am J Vet Res, 47, 2212, 10.2460/ajvr.1986.47.10.2212 · doi:10.2460/ajvr.1986.47.10.2212
  60. Dümmel, 1996, Echokardiographische referenzberieiche von sedierten katzen, Tierärzl Prax, 24, 190
  61. Fox, 1985, Echocardiographic reference values in healthy cats sedated with ketamine hydrochloride, Am J Vet Res, 46, 1479, 10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.07.1479 · doi:10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.07.1479
  62. Moïse, 1986, Repeatability of the M-mode echocardiogram and the effects of acute changes in heart rate, cardiac contractility, and preload in healthy cats sedated with ketamine hydrochloride and acepromazine, Cornell Vet, 76, 241
  63. Allen, 1982, Echocardiographic study of the anesthetized cat, Can J Comp Med, 46, 115
  64. Allen, 1983, A preliminary investigation on the use of thermodilution and echocardiography as an assessment of cardiac function in the cat, Can J Comp Med, 47, 112
  65. Jacobs, 1985, Change in M-mode echocardiographic values in cats given ketamine, Am J Vet Res, 46, 1712, 10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.08.1712 · doi:10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.08.1712
  66. Marini, 1999, Cardiovascular pathology possibly associated with ketamine/xylazine anesthesia in Dutch belted rabbits, Lab Anim Sci, 49, 153
  67. Rand, 1996, Echocardiographic evaluation of the effects of medetomidine and xylazine in dogs, Aust Vet J, 73, 41, 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09962.x · doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09962.x
  68. Yang, 1999, Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in conscious and anesthetized mice, Am J Physiol, 277, H1967
  69. Buchanan, 1999, Canine and Feline Cardiology, 457
  70. Sahn, 1978, Recommendations regarding quantitation in M-mode echocardiography: Results of a survey of echocardiographic measurements, Circulation, 58, 1072, 10.1161/01.CIR.58.6.1072 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 811

Metadata

Authors
Cornell, C. C., Kittleson, M. D., Torre, P. D., Häggström, J., Lombard, C. W., Pedersen, H. D., Vollmar, A., & Wey, A.
Venue
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2004-05-01
Volume
18
Issue
3
Pages
311-321
ISSN
  • 0891-6640 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1676
DOI
10.1111/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02551.x
OpenAlex
W2024632319
Cited by
811
References
3
FWCI
12.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.