Scaling: Why is Animal Size so Important?
Abstract
This book is about the importance of animal size. We tend to think of animal function in chemical terms and talk of water, salts, proteins, enzymes, oxygen, energy, and so on. We should not forget, however, that physical laws are equally important, for they determine rates of diffusion and heat transfer, transfer of force and momentum, the strength of structures, the dynamics of locomotion, and other aspects of the functioning of animal bodies. Physical laws provide possibilities and opportunities for an organism, yet they also impose constraints, setting limits to what is physically possible. This book aims to give an understanding of these rules because of their profound implications when we deal with animals of widely different size and scale. The reader will find that the book raises many questions. Remarkable and puzzling information makes it read a little like a detective story, but the last chapter, instead of giving the final solution, neither answers all questions nor provides one great unifying principle.
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Women have a higher surface-to-volume ratio, different body composition (higher fat mass and less muscle mass) and lower metabolic rate (less metabolically-active fat-free mass in women and thus up to 20% less heat production) compared with men.
“women have a higher surface-to-volume ratio (which allows for greater heat loss via the skin), different body composition (higher fat mass and less muscle mass) and lower metabolic rate (less [metabolically-active] fat-free mass in women and thus up to 20% less heat production [63–65]).”
From Drivers of diversity in human thermal perception – A review for holistic comfort models (2018) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Schmidt-Nielsen, K.
- Venue
- Cambridge University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 1984-07-27
- OpenAlex
- W4239578492
- Cited by
- 2,677
- References
- 0
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- 2026: 62 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 98 · 2017: 84 · 2016: 101 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 93 · 2013: 77 · 2012: 91
- FWCI
- 30.96
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
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- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies
- Keywords
- animal size, allometry, diffusion, heat transfer, structural strength, locomotion, scaling laws, animal physiology
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