Relationship between stressors, stress reactions and hardiness in Japanese mothers of early neonatal babies: A cross‐sectional study
Abstract
Aim: Mothers of early neonatal babies are often in stressful situations. The stress of child rearing has been reported to influence the mental health of mothers. Hardiness, one of the individual factors affecting the cognitive evaluation of stress, may relate to stress for mothers of early neonatal babies. The aim of the present study is to clarify the relationship between stressors, stress reactions and hardiness of mothers with early neonatal babies. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional study using self‐administered questionnaires. Survey items included demographic characteristics, hardiness, stressors, and stress reactions. A total of 226 mothers returned the completed questionnaire. Data analyzed correlation, t tests and multiple regression using SPSS 24.0. Results: The mothers' hardiness was not related to their demographic characteristics. Hardiness had a negative correlation with stressors and stress reactions. Hardiness mitigated especially anxiety/uncertainty and depression/feeling of insufficiency. Compared with those with high levels of hardiness, mothers with low hardiness exhibited higher levels of newborn baby stressors, breast‐feeding stressors, anxiety/uncertainty and depression/feeling of insufficiency. Conclusion: Hardiness showed a buffering relationship with stressors and stress reactions, especially anxiety. Understanding hardiness levels may be useful for choosing which nursing care methods are implemented as each mother begins child rearing.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Studies on the mothers of premature babies [29] and the mothers of children with special needs [30] lend support to the finding that psychological hardiness is a critical factor in parenting.
“Studies on the mothers of premature babies [29] and the mothers of children with special needs [30] lend support to the finding that psychological hardiness is a critical factor in parenting.”
From Influence of hardiness, mother-child interactions, and social support on parenting stress among North Korean refugee mothers: a cross-sectional study (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
Eysenck, H. J. (1985) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(85)90087-7 · Cited by 32,026 · see citing works
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833 · see citing works
Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness.
Kobasa, S. C. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.37.1.1 · Cited by 3,816 · see citing works
Stressful life events, personality, and health: An inquiry into hardiness.
Kobasa, S. C. O. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.1 · Cited by 2,654 · see citing works
Predictors of Postpartum Depression
Beck, C. T. (2001) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004 · Cited by 1,960 · see citing works
Attachment orientations and emotion regulation
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.006 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
Weiss, M. J. (2002) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361302006001009 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Resilience in response to life stress: the effects of coping style and cognitive hardiness
Beasley, M., Thompson, T., & Davidson, J. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00027-2 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Maddi, S. R., & Khoshaba, D. M. (1994) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6302_6 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Vismara, L., Rollè, L., Agostini, F., Sechi, C., Fenaroli, V., Molgora, S., Neri, E., Prino, L. E., Odorisio, F., Trovato, A., et al. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00938 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Fahey, J. O., & Shenassa, E. (2013) · Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12139 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
McNamara, J., Townsend, M. L., & Herbert, J. S. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220032 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Razurel, C., Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., Dupanloup, A., Irion, O., & Epiney, M. (2009) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2009.06.005 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Personality and resistance to illness
Kobasa, S. C. O. (1979) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00894383 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Maternal anxiety: course and antecedents during the early postpartum period
Britton, J. R. (2008) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20325 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Coping style, cognitive hardiness, and health status
Nowack, K. M. (1989) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00846548 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The Impact of Fatigue on the Development of Postpartum Depression
Corwin, E. J., Brownstead, J., Barton, N., Heckard, S., & Morin, K. H. (2005) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1177/0884217505279997 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Clout, D., & Brown, R. F. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.054 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
McMahon, C. A., Boivin, J., Gibson, F. L., Hammarberg, K., Wynter, K. H., Saunders, D. M., & Fisher, J. (2011) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/der076 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Gill, M. J., & Harris, S. L. (1991) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02206867 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Learning Needs of Postpartum Women: Does Socioeconomic Status Matter?
Sword, W. A., & Watt, S. (2005) · Birth · doi:10.1111/j.0730-7659.2005.00350.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Marques, R., Monteiro, F., Canavarro, M. C., & Fonseca, A. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.013 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Ben‐Zur, H., Duvdevany, I., & Lury, L. (2004) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00662.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Taylor, M. K., Pietrobon, R. S., Taverniers, J., Leon, M. R., & Fern, B. J. (2011) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-011-9387-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Abdollahi, A., Panahipour, H., Hosseinian, S., & Allen, K. (2019) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5102 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hardiness, psychosocial factors and shift work tolerance among nurses – a 2‐year follow‐up study
Saksvik‐Lehouillier, I., Bjorvatn, B., Magerøy, N., & Pallesen, S. (2016) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12951 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Development of a Postpartum Stressor Measure
Park, E. R., Psaros, C., Traeger, L. N., Stagg, A. R., Jacquart, J., Willett, J. B., Alert, M. D., LaRoche, K. L., & Ecker, J. L. (2015) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-015-1731-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The role of hardiness in the bullying–mental health relationship
Reknes, I., Harris, A., & Einarsen, S. V. (2017) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqx183 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hardiness, History of Abuse and Women's Health
Heckman, C. J., & Clay, D. L. (2005) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105305057312 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Postpartum maternal function and parenting stress: Comparison by feeding methods
Maehara, K., Mori, E., Iwata, H., Sakajo, A., Aoki, K., & Morita, A. (2017) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.12549 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Asselmann, E., Venz, J., Wïttchen, H., & Martini, J. (2018) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.05.007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Imazu, Y., Murakami, M., Kobayashi, M., Matsuno, T., Shiihara, Y., Ishihara, K., Joh, Y., & Kodama, M. (2006) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Stoppelbein, L., McRae, E. M., & Greening, L. (2017) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000168 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Xu, Y., Su, X., Lu, X., Zhang, M., Wang, W., Ding, D., Chao, Q., & Jiang, H. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2019.07.017 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nishiumi, H., & Kita, A. (2004) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effects of Hardiness on Subjective Stress after Acute Stress
Lin, M., & Tanno, Y. (2010) · The Japanese Journal of Personality · doi:10.2132/personality.18.168 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lee, I.-S., & Jeon, J.-H. (2022) · Child Health Nursing Research · doi:10.4094/chnr.2022.28.4.269 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Studies on the mothers of premature babies [29] and the mothers of children with special needs [30] lend support to the finding that psychological hardiness is a critical factor in parenting.”
BackgroundRen, Z., Gao, W., Wang, Q., Duan, Y., Tang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16068 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nakashima, C., Tanaka, K., Shinmasu, Y., Ikeuchi, S., & Nagata, K. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16712 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
今野, 和. (2026) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2026.2682763
- Authors
- Konno, K.
- Affiliations
- Faculty of Health Care, Department of Nursing Teikyo Heisei University Tokyo Japan
- ORCID
- Konno, Kazuho
- Venue
- Japan Journal of Nursing Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-09-23
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e12381-e12381
- ISSN
- 1742-7924 (ISSN-L)
- 1742-7932
- OpenAlex
- W3088525625
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Japan Journal of Nursing Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- hardiness, maternal stress, stressors, stress reactions, anxiety, depression, buffering effect, maternal mental health, parenting
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Japan, Mothers, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
