The protective role of self-esteem, perceived social support and job satisfaction against psychological distress among Chinese nurses
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AIM: To determine the prevalence of psychological distress, and to explore the combined protective roles of self-esteem, perceived social support and job satisfaction against psychological distress. BACKGROUND: Few studies have explored the combined protective effect of self-esteem, perceived social support and job satisfaction on nurses' mental health in the same theoretical framework. METHODS: The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, a self-developed Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to survey 581 nurses. The hypothesized model of the relationships among self-esteem, perceived social support, job satisfaction and psychological distress was tested with structural equation modelling. RESULTS: The prevalence of psychological distress was 92.3%. Job satisfaction exerted the strongest direct protective effect against psychological distress, with perceived social support and self-esteem exerting the second and third strongest direct protective effects, respectively. Additionally, self-esteem had an indirect protective effect. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese nurses showed a surprisingly high prevalence of psychological distress. Job satisfaction, self-esteem and perceived social support were identified, in this order of importance, as protective factors against psychological distress. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse administrators should take measures to improve nurses' job satisfaction and social support, and hire individuals with high self-esteem as nurses.
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The Chinese version of the Perceived Social Support Scale has shown good reliability and validity in various populations.
“The Chinese version of the PSSS has shown good reliability and validity in various populations (Feng et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2020, Zhang et al., 2018).”
From Mental health status of medical staff in emergency departments during the Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in China (2020) · cites this paper as Feng et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Feng, D., Su, S., Wang, L., & Liu, F.
- Affiliations
- Shandong University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Feng, Danjun
- Venue
- Journal of Nursing Management
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-04-06
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 366-372
- ISSN
- 0966-0429 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2795653056
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 18.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nursing Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Social Science Fund of China (16BSH099)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- psychological distress, nurses, self-esteem, perceived social support, job satisfaction, protective factors, nurse mental health, Chinese nurses, prevalence of psychological distress
- MeSH terms
- Adult, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Male, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, Prevalence, Protective Factors
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