Fear of COVID‐19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses
Open accessAbstract
AIM: To examine the relative influence of fear of COVID-19 on nurses' psychological distress, work satisfaction and intent to leave their organisation and the profession. BACKGROUND: The emergence of COVID-19 has significantly impacted the psychological and mental well-being of frontline health care workers, including nurses. To date, no studies have been conducted examining how this fear of COVID-19 contributes to health, well-being and work outcomes in frontline nurses. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional research design involving 261 frontline nurses in the Philippines. Five standardized scales were used for data collection. RESULTS: Overall, the composite score of the fear of COVID-19 scale was 19.92. Job role and attendance of COVID-19-related training predicted fear of COVID-19. An increased level of fear of COVID-19 was associated with decreased job satisfaction, increased psychological distress and increased organisational and professional turnover intentions. CONCLUSIONS: Frontline nurses who reported not having attended COVID-19-related training and those who held part-time job roles reported increased fears of COVID-19. Addressing the fear of COVID-19 may result in improved job outcomes in frontline nurses, such as increased job satisfaction, decreased stress levels and lower intent to leave the organisation and the profession. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Organisational measures are vital to support the mental health of nurses and address their fear of COVID-19 through peer and social support, psychological and mental support services (e.g. counselling or psychotherapy), provision of training related to COVID-19 and accurate and regular information updates.
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All studies using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale or the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale found a positive correlation between fear of COVID-19 exposure and turnover intention.
“Six quantitative studies used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) as an instrument to measure the psychological impact of exposure to COVID-19 on HCWs [26, 36, 37, 41, 42, 49], while one study used the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) [39], with all studies finding a positive correlation between fear of COVID-19 exposure and turnover intention.”
From A global overview of healthcare workers’ turnover intention amid COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review with future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
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- Authors
- Labrague, L. J., & Santos, J. A. A.
- Affiliations
- Sultan Qaboos University (OM)
- Visayas State University (PH)
- Corresponding author
- Labrague, Leodoro J.
- Venue
- Journal of Nursing Management
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-10-11
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 395-403
- ISSN
- 0966-0429 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2834
- PMC
- PMC7537256
- OpenAlex
- W3088538259
- Cited by
- 882
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 144 · 2023: 195 · 2022: 247 · 2021: 148 · 2020: 15 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 60.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nursing Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Keywords
- fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, job satisfaction, turnover intention, frontline nurses, nurse mental health, COVID-19 training, organizational support, Philippines
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Burnout, Professional, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fear, Female, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Male, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Personnel Turnover, Philippines, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Professional Role
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