Effectiveness of Universal School‐Based Mental Health Awareness Programs Among Youth in the United States: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness and low mental health literacy have been identified as links to social adversity, and barriers to seeking and adhering to treatment among adolescents suffering from mental illness. Prior research has found that it is possible to improve these outcomes using school‐based mental health awareness interventions. The purpose of this study was to review empirical literature pertaining to universal mental health awareness interventions aiming to improve mental health related outcomes among students enrolled in US K‐12 schools, especially minorities vulnerable to health disparities. METHODS: PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, PUBMED, and reference lists of relevant articles were searched for K‐12 school‐based mental health awareness interventions in the United States. Universal studies that measured knowledge, attitudes, and/or help‐seeking pertinent to mental health were included. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies were selected to be part of the review. There were 7 pretest/post‐test case series, 5 nonrandomized experimental trial, 1 Solomon 4‐groups, and 2 randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs. Nine studies measuring knowledge, 8 studies measuring attitudes, and 4 studies measuring help‐seeking, indicated statistically significant improvements. CONCLUSIONS: Although results of all studies indicated some level of improvement, more research on implementation of universal school‐based mental health awareness programs is needed using RCT study designs, and long‐term follow‐up implementation.
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The negative attitudes include blaming the person for the illness and expectations that someone with depression cannot perform familial and occupational roles nor cope with either hardships or the daily routine of life.
“The negative attitudes include blaming the person for the illness and expectations that someone with depression cannot perform familial and occupational roles nor cope with either hardships or the daily routine of life. 342,343”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [343]
In the UK, there were no changes from 1998 to 2008 in attitudes such as people with depression are a 'danger to others,' 'they are to blame for their own illness,' and they will never fully recover.
“In the UK, there were no changes from 1998 to 2008 in attitudes such as people with depression are a 'danger to others,' 'they are to blame for their own illness,' and they will never fully recover. 343”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [343]
Digital biomarkers hold promise for enabling scalable, time-sensitive, and cost-effective assessment of depression by providing real-time psychological, behavioral, and physiological data, but further validation is required.
“Digital biomarkers hold promise for enabling scalable, time-sensitive, and cost-effective assessment of depression 13,14 by providing real-time psychological, behavioral, and physiological data, 15 but further validation is required.”
From Digital health technologies and major depressive disorder (2023) · cites this paper as [14]
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“However, the link between intervention outcomes through knowledge acquisition is not well-understood because evaluations of school-based MHL interventions demonstrate inconsistent findings (Salerno, 2016).”
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Effectiveness of Health Promotion Interventions in Primary Schools—A Mixed Methods Literature Review
Zurc, J., & Laaksonen, C. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11131817 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Lee, S.-M., Jeong, H.-C., So, W.-Y., & Youn, H.-S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186744 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sakellari, Ε., Notara, V., Lagiou, A., Fatkulina, N., Ivanova, S., Korhonen, J., Velikonja, N. K., Lalova, V., Laaksonen, C., Petrova, G. G., et al. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8050345 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Common areas of school-based health promotion interventions are the encouragement of physical activity and fitness [18,19], nutrition [20], prevent substances’ use [21,22] and mental health promotion [23].”
BackgroundWei, Y., Church, J., & Kutcher, S. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12597 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Examining a Mental Health Literacy Intervention Among Economically Disadvantaged Youth
Mumbauer‐Pisano, J., & Barden, S. M. (2020) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.42.4.04 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Do psychiatric diseases follow annual cyclic seasonality?
Zhang, H., Khan, A. A., Chen, Q., Larsson, H., & Rzhetsky, A. (2021) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001347 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“In addition, this seasonality reflects a society’s social rhythms, such as the patterns of summer vacations and certain mental health awareness programs in US K-12 schools [44].”
BackgroundPublic Awareness, Beliefs, And Attitudes Toward Bipolar Disorder In Saudi Arabia
Alosaimi, F. D., AlAteeq, D. A., Hussain, S. I. B., Alhenaki, R. A., Salamah, A. A. B., & Almodihesh, N. A. (2019) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s209037 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Figas, K., Chandler, T., Niles, M. L., Chehoski, B. E., Parham, B. R., & Weist, M. D. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14080649 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“By addressing common barriers to service use and teaching coping strategies to promote well-being, MHL programs foster early response and prevent the escalation of existing concerns [50, 51].”
BackgroundKirchhoff, S., Freţian, A. M., Okan, O., & Bauer, U. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16825-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Generally, they address varying, interrelated dimensions, such as mental health knowledge, stereotypes, help-seeking attitudes, intentions, or behaviors (see systematic reviews from Salerno et al. 2016 [7] and Wei et al. 2013 [8]), alongside different forms of stigma.”
BackgroundResultStuckey, H. L., Hivner, E. A., Kraschnewski, J. L., Molinari, A. M., Costigan, H. J., & Sekhar, D. L. (2021) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-021-09918-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Promoting Mental Health Literacy through Bibliotherapy in School-Based Settings
Mumbauer‐Pisano, J., & Kelchner, V. P. (2017) · Professional School Counseling · doi:10.5330/1096-2409-21.1.85 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Similarly, providing avenues for mental health literacy for children early in life may equip them to recognize mental health concerns in others earlier than would be typical in the developmental process (Salerno, 2016; Townsend et al., 2017).”
BackgroundKang, Y., Wang, H., Li, X., Tao, Y., Yang, X., Deng, W., Yu, J., Zhou, Q., Li, T., & Guo, W. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23118 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Because previous studies regarding mental health awareness interventions have focused only on education (Breslin et al., 2017, Salerno, 2016), a future controlled study comparing the effects between education only and the combination of screening with education is warranted to investigate whether…”
BackgroundPsychosocial Adjustment and Sociometric Status in Primary Education: Gender Differences
Muñoz‐Silva, A., de la Corte, C. M. D. L. C., Lara, B. L., & Sánchez‐García, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607274 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“For all the above mentioned, and in agreement with other authors (Salerno, 2016; Mundy et al., 2017) we focus the need of connection between education policy and awareness and promotion of mental health in primary school children.”
ResultA Local Review on the Use of a Bio-Psycho-Social Model in School-Based Mental Health Promotion
Wong, A., Chan, I. K. N., Tsang, C., Chan, A. Y. F., Shum, A. K. Y., Lai, E. S., & Yip, P. S. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.691815 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Equitable practices in school mental health
DeBoer, J. L., Allouche, S. F., Vasquez, J., & Rhodes, J. L. F. (2022) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22678 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Increasing Access to Mental Health Services Through Reduction of Stigma
Beers, N. S., & Joshi, S. V. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-0127 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“teachers, and administrators.(10) “A School-Based Intervention for Mental illness Stigma: A Cluster Randomized Trial” focuses on a specific curriculum, “Eliminating the Stigma of Differences,” that shows promise through intervening early, addressing stigma, and advancing knowledge and attitudes that may facilitate see…”
BackgroundCultural Adaptation of the teen Mental Health First Aid (tMHFA) Program from Australia to the USA
Rosenbaum, L., Bhakta, S., Wilcox, H. C., Pas, E. T., Girgis, K., DeVinney, A., Hart, L., & Murray, S. M. (2023) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-023-09576-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Austin, L., Browne, R. K., Carreiro, M., Larson, A. G., Khreizat, I., DeJonckheere, M. J., & Schwartz, S. E. O. (2024) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x241237236 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“However, anti-stigma interventions overwhelm-ingly focus on reducing youth’s stigmatization of each other (Salerno, 2016; Schachter et al., 2008; Yamaguchi et al., 2011).”
Evaluation of students’ mental and social health promotion educational programs: A systematic review
Baghian, N., Sari, A. A., Shati, M., Fallahzadeh, H., & Ahmadi, B. (2019) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_416_19 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Robinson, L. E., Watson, K. R., Fensterstock, N., Hogenkamp, S., Xu, Y., Garner, H., Warri, V. R., Morgan, C. H., Garcia, A. A., Wu, C., et al. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15020228 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“To support students’ mental and behavioral health, U.S. government funding and resources must be directed toward expanding school-based mental health programming (Salerno, 2016).”
School-Based Mental Health Education: Program Effectiveness and Trends in Help-Seeking
Kirnan, J. P., Fotinos, G., Pitt, K., & Lloyd, G. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22040523 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Gains in mental health literacy affirm Hypothesis 1 and offer agreement with earlier research that demonstrated increases in mental health literacy following other mental health program presentations [9–11].”
Youth-led co-production of mental health promotion in Pakistan: intergenerational influences
Vostanis, P., Hassan, S., Fatima, S. Z., & O’Reilly, M. J. (2024) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daae010 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Mental health promotion is thus essential in improving knowledge, changing attitudes and behaviours and encouraging help-seeking (Barry et al ., 2013; Salerno, 2016).”
BackgroundImproving Youth Access to Mental Health Support through a Youth–Adult Partnership
Ross, L., & Connors, L. C. (2018) · Journal of Youth Development · doi:10.5195/jyd.2018.514 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Parikh, R., Hoogendoorn, A., Michelson, D., Ruwaard, J., Sharma, R., Bhat, B., Malik, K., Sahu, R., Cuijpers, P., & Patel, V. (2021) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003902 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
THE CORE CONNECTORS INITIATIVE: DEVELOPMENT OF A YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM
Chou, F., Pradhan, K., & Huang, C. (2022) · International Journal of Child Youth and Family Studies · doi:10.18357/ijcyfs131202220657 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Beukema, L., de Winter, A. F., Korevaar, E. L., Hofstra, J., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2022) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2022.2069720 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…have the potential to promote openness about mental health, reduce stigma, and stimulate help-seeking in adolescents (Gronholm et al., 2017; Salerno, 2016; Wei et al., 2013), and as previous research showed, adolescents are more likely to seek help when they have the knowledge, skills,…”
BackgroundTognin, S., Catalán, A., Kempton, M. J., Nelson, B., McGorry, P. D., Riecher‐Rössler, A., Bressan, R. A., Neus Barrantes-vidal, A., Krebs, M., Nordentoft, M., et al. (2023) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2351 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Schools are in a unique position to offer a non-stigmatizing intervention to support young people to complete their studies successfully [37, 38].”
BackgroundMeilsmeidth, G., Trigueiro, M. J., Simões-Silva, V., de Almeida, R. S., Portugal, P., Gomes, P. V., de Sousa, S., Campos, F., Monteiro, P., Soutelo, A., et al. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01591-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…has increasingly shown [23–26] that interventions applied in the school context have significantly improved MHL, facilitating monitoring and help-seeking, an increase in self-recognition of mental disorders and an improvement in the reduction of stigma associated with mental health problems [25].”
BackgroundZhao, R., Amarnath, A., Karyotaki, E., Struijs, S. Y., & Cuijpers, P. J. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722003518 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Missed Opportunity: Universal School-Based Mental Health Literacy Programs
Fadus, M. C., & Harrison, J. D. (2019) · Academic Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40596-019-01036-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Vallani, T., Naqqash, Z., Lin, B., Lu, C., Austin, J., & Stewart, S. E. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115275 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Suryaputri, I. Y., Mubasyiroh, R., Arfines, P. P., Rachmalina, R., Idaiani, S., Sitorus, N., Rosha, B. C., Health Policy Agency, M. O. H., Khotimah, E. N., & Setiyawati, D. (2023) · Journal of Population and Social Studies · doi:10.25133/jpssv322024.015 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Morgado, T. M. M., Loureiro, L. M. D. J., & Botelho, M. A. ́. (2021) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2021.1999541 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“According to several authors, school-based psychoeducational interventions are effective in increasing adolescents’ and young peoples’ MHL and reducing stigma (Brooks et al., 2019; Brown, 2018; Cairns & Rossetto, 2019; DeLucia-Waack, 2006; Salerno, 2016; Seedaket et al., 2020).”
BackgroundChild and adolescent psychiatry: challenges, solutions, opportunities, and future directions
Cortese, S., Arango, C., Aymerich, C., Catalan, A., Chetouani, M., Cohen, D., Coghill, D., Gabellone, A., Iniesta, R., Kadan, A., et al. (2026) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.70044 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Longer follow-up periods are also required to determine whether improvements in access are sustained over time 105 .”
Decoding Prejudice: Understanding Patterns of Adolescent Mental Health Stigma
Albuquerque, S., Carvalho, Á., de Sousa, B., da Costa, L. P., & Beato, A. F. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14041394 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“For instance, Salerno [78] found that most programs have successfully enhanced knowledge about mental health, reduced negative stereotypes, and increased motivation to seek professional help.”
Furdock, R., Feldman, B., Sinkler, M., Connelly, M., Hoffa, M., Simpson, M., Hendrickson, S., & Vallier, H. (2022) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2022.09.045 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Li, W., & Li, Q. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05998-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Individuals diagnosed with mental illness often face marginalization, stigma, and isolation compared to those with other physical illnesses like tuberculosis, cancer, and epilepsy [3–5].”
Comparison of past-year mental health services use in Canadian Army, Navy, and Air Force personnel
Phinney, B., Zamorski, M. A., & Fikretoglu, D. (2019) · Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health · doi:10.3138/jmvfh.2017-0041 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Contemporary Mental Health Care in Rural Areas: Challenges and Strategies
Cassity-Caywood, W. (2019) · Contemporary Rural Social Work Journal · doi:10.61611/2165-4611.1175 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In a systematic review of research on mental health awareness programs in the U.S., Salerno (2016) concluded that such programs improved mental health knowledge, attitudes, and help-seeking behavior among adolescents.”
BackgroundEvidence of impact underpinning Life Education Programs
Dix, K., Ahmed, S. K., Carslake, T., & Sniedze-Gregory, S. (2021) · doi:10.37517/978-1-74286-643-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Durden, A., Lucien, J., Chuisano, S. A., Palazzolo, B., Ahmed, Z., Ceaser, N., Jayakumar, S. T. J., Patel, P., Barraza, B., Ajrouche, A., et al. (2025) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/00178969251376859 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…research, nearly half of high school students in the USA report daily feelings of sadness and hopelessness, nearly one in five have contemplated suicide (CDC, 2024), and the vast majority do not have access to or receive appropriate mental health care (Chandra and Minkovitz, 2006; Salerno, 2016).”
A critical review of curriculum and pedagogy in mental health education
Lyons, R., Dyke, N. V., & de Courten, M. P. J. (2025) · Health Education · doi:10.1108/he-04-2025-0044 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Alibudbud, R. C. (2022) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101211 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Viner, R., Michalopoulou, S., Hudson, L. D., Hope, S., Lloyd-Houldey, O., Sundaram, N., Scott, S., Nicholls, D., & Bonell, C. (2025) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/ffhr7745 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Beukema, L., Hofstra, J., Reijneveld, S. A., de Winter, A. F., & Korevaar, E. L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116754 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mekanisme dan Strategi Mengurangi Stress pada Pasien Kusta
Jatimi, A., Nenobais, A., Jufriyanto, M., Heru, M. J. A., & Yusuf, A. (2020) · Indonesian Journal of Community Health Nursing · doi:10.20473/ijchn.v4i1.17540 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Penelitian lebih lanjut tentang implementasi program kesadaran kesehatan mental berbasis sekolah universal diperlukan untuk menggunakan desain studi RCT, dan harus ada implementasi tindak lanjut jangka panjang (Salerno, 2017).”
The Influence of School-Based Family Counseling on Elementary Students and Their Families
Kelchner, V. P., Campbell, L. O., Howard, C. C., Bensinger, J., & Lambie, G. W. (2020) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480720933537 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Conversely, Salerno (2016) conducted a systematic literature review of 15 studies relevant to the effectiveness of universal mental health awareness interventions in K–12 schools and suggested that improved knowledge and attitudes of mental health awareness can be enhanced by SBMHCS.”
BackgroundRomero, J. D. L. H. (2020) · Psychology Society & Education · doi:10.25115/psye.v12i3.3458 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wang, X., & Yu, Y. (2021) · PubMed Central · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Child and Adolescent Mental Health
(2022) · Springer Publishing Company eBooks · doi:10.1891/9780826135872.0001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
STORM: een aanpak voor depressie- en suïcidepreventie voor jongeren
Rasing, S. P. A., & Creemers, D. H. M. (2023) · TSG - Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen · doi:10.1007/s12508-023-00396-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Slease, A., Khatib, D. A., Lawler, T. B., Collins, S., Kennedy, N., Volpitta, D., & Schofield, J. (2024) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2024.2422076 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…part of our overall health and should be an integral part of health education in New York schools,” New York’s law, A3887B, “An act to amend the education law, in relation to clarifying health education” was signed on September 30, 2016, and enacted on July 1, 2018 (New York State Assembly, 2016).”
InfluentialSchool mental health in India: The present scenario and future directions’
Ray, S., Pal, A. K., Kundu, P. S., & Santosh, S. (2025) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2025.200444 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Colleran, A., O’Connor, A., Hogan, M., Harney, O., Durand, H., & Hanlon, M. L. D. (2021) · HRB Open Research · doi:10.12688/hrbopenres.13328.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Research also suggests that when mental health services are placed in schools it can both improve outcomes and decrease the use of tier two, secondary level services (Mason-Jones et al., 2012; Salerno, 2016).”
BackgroundPattison, K. L., Lehman, E. B., Molinari, A. M., Costigan, H. J., Pileggi, F., Stuckey, H. L., & Sekhar, D. L. (2023) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/08901171231204473 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Public education for mental health: Revisiting its intervention potential
Kar, N. (2023) · Odisha Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ojp.ojp_4_24 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Addressing Mental Health Stigma in Early Adolescence: Middle School Antistigma Interventions
Austin, L., & Schwartz, S. E. O. (2018) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-018-0101-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“School-based antistigma interventions, however, have historically targeted high school and college students, failing to take advantage of this valuable window for intervention (Chen et al. 2016; Newcomb-Anjo 2018; Salerno 2016; Schachter et al. 2008; Wei et al. 2013; Yamaguchi et al. 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialImproving School Behavioral Health Quality
Blair, S. C., Collins, D., & Franke, K. B. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56112-3_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Brooke‐Sumner, C., Machisa, M., Sikweyiya, Y. M., & Mahlangu, P. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080629 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“25–28 There is also a developing systematised evidence base for higher education student mental health promotion from high-income countries (HICs).”
BackgroundHarries, M. D., Laska, E. N., Shankar, S., Fawcett, A. J., Volerman, A., & Thomas, S. V. (2026) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.70115 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hamovitch, E., Acri, M. C., & Bornheimer, L. A. (2017) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.12.027 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…that such programs were associated with improvements in mental health knowledge, attitudes and help-seeking among students, suggesting that school-based mental health awareness programs are able to contribute to positive outcomes related to mental health care seeking and adherence(Salerno, 2016).”
BackgroundEine Einführung in das Konzept Mental Health Literacy
Jorm, A. F. (2020) · Gesundheit und Gesellschaft · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-29816-6_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
School Psychology Leadership in Behavioral and Mental Health Intervention and Consultation
Augustyniak, K. M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84063-1_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Awareness about depressive conditions, methods of their prevention and correction in adolescents
Bobrisheva-Pushkina, N. D., Kuznetsova, L. Y., Ol, P., Леонидовна, Д. Е., Ивановна, Н. Е., Васильевна, К. Е., Petrova, E. S., & Aa, K. (2022) · Hygiene and Sanitation · doi:10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-7-787-792 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Poštuvan, V., Gomboc, V., Pucihar, K. Č., Kljun, M., Vičič, J., Grum, A. T., Roškar, S., & Krohne, N. (2023) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000934 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impact of Mental Health Literacy on Improving Quality of Life Among Adolescents in Barcelona
Amado-Rodríguez, I. D., Casañas, R., Juan-Parra, J., Roldán-Merino, J. F., Lalucat-Jo, L., & Martin, M. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12020235 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“They have also affected help-seeking [19].”
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Utilization of School Based Mental Health Services
Grunin, L., Pagán, J. A., Yu, G., Squires, A. P., & Cohen, S. S. (2025) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-025-09858-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Overall, recent trends suggest that effective, evidence based mental health interventions are likely underutilized and new strategies may need to be identified to appropriately address mental health disorders among adolescents (Feiss et al., 2019 ; Salerno, 2016).”
Huang, C. Y., Nishioka, S. A., Hunt, E., Wong, S. H. M., & Huang, C. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12852-4_59-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
George, V. (2018) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
- Authors
- Salerno, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Salerno, John P.
- ORCID
- Salerno, John P.
- Venue
- Journal of School Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-11-08
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 922-931
- ISSN
- 0022-4391 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-1561
- PMC
- PMC5123790
- OpenAlex
- W2554736587
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 1.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of School Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Center of Excellence for Health Disparities Research: El Centro, National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P60MD002266)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- school-based mental health programs, mental health awareness programs, universal prevention, adolescents, mental health literacy, mental health stigma, help-seeking, mental health knowledge, attitudes toward mental illness, K-12 students, minority students, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Awareness, Mental Disorders, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Mental Health, School Health Services, United States, Health Literacy, Social Stigma
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