Melatonin attenuates smoking‐induced hyperglycemia via preserving insulin secretion and hepatic glycogen synthesis in rats
Open accessAbstract
Epidemiology survey indicated that cigarette smoking is a risk factor of diabetes. However, the precise mechanisms remain to be clarified. In this study, we found that smoking caused metabolic malfunctions on pancreas and liver in experimental animal model. These were indicated by hyperglycemia, increased serum hemoglobin A1c level and decreased insulin secretion, inhibition of liver glycogen synthase (LGS), and hepatic glycogen synthesis. Mechanistic studies revealed that all these alterations were caused by the inflammatory reaction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by the smoking. Melatonin treatment significantly preserved the functions of both pancreas and liver by reducing β cell apoptosis, CD 68‐cell infiltration, ROS production, and caspase‐3 expression. The si RNA‐knockdown model identified that the protective effects of melatonin were mediated by melatonin receptor‐2 (MT 2). This study uncovered potentially underlying mechanisms related to the association between smoking and diabetes. In addition, it is, for first time, to report that melatonin effectively protects against smoking‐induced glucose metabolic alterations and the signal transduction pathway of melatonin is mainly mediated by its MT 2 receptor. These observations provide solid evidence for the clinically use of melatonin to reduce smoking‐related diabetes, and the therapeutic regimens are absent currently.
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The underlying mechanism of melatonin in amelioration of insulin sensitivity encompasses induction of β-cell regeneration, hepatic glycogen synthesis promotion which reduce hyperglycemia in an animal model.
“The underlying mechanism of melatonin in amelioration of insulin sensitivity encompasses induction of β -cell regeneration, hepatic glycogen synthesis promotion which reduce hyperglycemia in an animal model. 13,27,28”
From Melatonin supplementation improves glycemic hemostasis, lipid profile, and adipokine concentrations of obese women: A double-blind randomized clinical trial (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
In the Results, melatonin increased hepatic glycogen deposition in smoking-exposed rats, and the Discussion links restored glycogen synthesis to reduced hyperglycemia. The Discussion also reports restored β-cell area and reduced apoptosis, but it does not establish β-cell regeneration; it presents improved insulin sensitivity through liver glycogen synthase as a possible explanation, not a demonstrated mechanism. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDifferent animal studies emphasize the beneficial effects of melatonin in obesity management.
“Different animal studies emphasize the beneficial effects of melatonin in the obesity management. 13-17”
From Melatonin supplementation improves glycemic hemostasis, lipid profile, and adipokine concentrations of obese women: A double-blind randomized clinical trial (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
The Discussion (‘Melatonin regulates glucose metabolism and ameliorates hyperglycemia’; page unavailable) reports improved glucose tolerance in melatonin-treated obese mice, and this paper finds improved glycemic control in smoking rats. These are beneficial metabolic effects, but the paper does not show that melatonin manages obesity itself. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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“13,27,28 Furthermore, melatonin prevents insulin resistance by activating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- response element binding protein (CREB)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-(PGC-1α) pathway.”
- Authors
- Li, T., Ni, L., Zhao, Z., Liu, X., Lai, Z., Di, X., Xie, Z., Song, X., Wang, X., Zhang, R., & Liu, C.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Changwei
- Venue
- Journal of Pineal Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-03-25
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e12475-e12475
- ISSN
- 0742-3098 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-079X
- PMC
- PMC5947659
- OpenAlex
- W2790378292
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pineal Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81470585)
- Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (7172174)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Keywords
- melatonin, cigarette smoking, hyperglycemia, insulin secretion, hepatic glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase, beta-cell apoptosis, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, caspase-3, melatonin receptor 2, glucose metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Animals, Hyperglycemia, Insulin, Liver, Liver Glycogen, Male, Melatonin, Pancreas, Smoking, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptor, Melatonin, MT2, Rats
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