Melatonin secretion and the incidence of type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Loss-of-function mutations in the melatonin receptor are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, in a cross-sectional analysis of persons without diabetes, lower nocturnal melatonin secretion was associated with increased insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between melatonin secretion and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study cohort. Among participants without diabetes who provided urine and blood samples at baseline in 2000, we identified 370 women who developed type 2 diabetes from 2000-2012 and matched 370 controls using risk-set sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Associations between melatonin secretion at baseline and incidence of type 2 diabetes were evaluated with multivariable conditional logistic regression controlling for demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, measures of sleep quality, and biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. RESULTS: The median urinary ratios of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine were 28.2 ng/mg (5%-95% range, 5.5-84.2 ng/mg) among cases and 36.3 ng/mg (5%-95% range, 6.9-110.8 ng/mg) among controls. Women with lower ratios of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine had increased risk of diabetes (multivariable odds ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.11-1.98] per unit decrease in the estimated log ratio of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine). Compared with women in the highest ratio category of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin to creatinine, those in the lowest category had a multivariable odds ratio of 2.17 (95% CI, 1.18-3.98) of developing type 2 diabetes. Women in the highest category of melatonin secretion had an estimated diabetes incidence rate of 4.27 cases/1000 person-years compared with 9.27 cases/1000 person-years in the lowest category. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Lower melatonin secretion was independently associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Further research is warranted to assess if melatonin secretion is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes within the general population.
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Some studies show that elevated melatonin concentrations are associated with improved glucose control.
“While some studies show that elevated melatonin concentrations are associated with improved glucose control (15)(16)(17)”
From Interplay of Dinner Timing and <i>MTNR1B</i> Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variant on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Secretion: A Randomized Crossover Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- McMullan, C. J., Schernhammer, E. S., Rimm, E. B., Hu, F. B., & Forman, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- McMullan, Ciaran J.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2013-04-03
- Volume
- 309
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1388
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3804914
- OpenAlex
- W2086677877
- Cited by
- 369
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 18.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL103607, HL103607)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, DK58845)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- melatonin secretion, type 2 diabetes, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, urinary melatonin metabolites, insulin resistance, diabetes risk, women, sleep quality, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Creatinine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Melatonin, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Case-Control Studies
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