Global summary of maternal and newborn vitamin D status – a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Pregnant women and newborns are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. Our objective was to create a global summary of maternal and newborn vitamin D status. We completed a systematic review (1959–2014) and meta‐analysis of studies reporting serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in maternal and newborn populations. The 95 identified studies were unevenly distributed by World Health Organization (WHO) region: A mericas (24), E uropean (33), E astern M editerranean (13), S outh‐E ast A sian (7), W estern P acific (16) and A frican (2). Average maternal 25(OH)D concentrations (nmol L−1) by region were 47–65 (A mericas), 15–72 (E uropean), 13–60 (E astern M editerranean), 20–52 (S outh‐E ast A sian), 42–72 (W estern P acific) and 92 (A frican). Average newborn 25(OH)D concentrations (nmol L−1) were 35–77 (A mericas), 20–50 (E uropean), 5–50 (E astern M editerranean), 20–22 (S outh‐E ast A sian), 32–67 (W estern P acific) and 27–35 (A frican). The prevalences of 25(OH)D <50 and <25 nmol L−1 by WHO region in pregnant women were: A mericas (64%, 9%), E uropean (57%, 23%), E astern M editerranean (46%, 79%), S outh‐E ast A sian (87%, not available) and W estern P acific (83%, 13%). Among newborns these values were: A mericas (30%, 14%), E uropean (73%, 39%), E astern M editerranean (60%, not available), S outh‐E ast A sian (96%, 45%) and W estern P acific (54%, 14%). By global region, average 25(OH)D concentration varies threefold in pregnant women and newborns, and prevalence of 25(OH)D <25 nmol L−1 varies eightfold in pregnant women and threefold in newborns. Maternal and newborn 25(OH)D concentrations are highly correlated. Addressing vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and newborns should be a global priority. To protect children from the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency requires appropriate interventions during both pregnancy and childhood.
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Approximately 95% of Japanese pregnant women have been reported to have 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L; corresponding figures in the UK and Latin America are 55% and 37%, respectively.
“Approximately 95% of Japanese pregnant women have been reported to have 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L; the corresponding figures in the UK and Latin America have been reported to be 55% and 37%, respectively [51,52], a finding confirmed by a systematic review of global maternal and new born vitamin D status [53].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [53]
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Vercruyssen, J., Jacquemyn, Y., & Ajaji, M. (2011) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.09.010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Vitamin D levels in pregnant women booking for antenatal care in Far North Queensland
Bendall, A., Costa, C. M. D., Woods, C., et al. (2012) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.2012.01423.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A Lecture on Tumours of the Bladder
Thompson, H. (1888) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.1410.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
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Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
Mazahery, H., Camargo, C., Conlon, C., Beck, K., Kruger, M., & Von Hurst, P. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8040236 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Saraf, R., Morton, S. M. B., Camargo, C. A., & Grant, C. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Maternal & Child Nutrition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-09-15
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 647-668
- ISSN
- 1740-8695 (ISSN-L)
- 1740-8709
- PMC
- PMC6860156
- OpenAlex
- W1960532056
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Maternal and Child Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Curekids
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin K Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal Health and Biochemistry
- Keywords
- vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, maternal vitamin D status, pregnancy, WHO regions, global prevalence, serum vitamin D levels
- MeSH terms
- Maternal Health, Africa, Asia, Southeastern, Female, Fetal Blood, Health Status, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Nutritional Status, Pregnancy, United States, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Global Health, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Prevalence, Mediterranean Region, Dietary Supplements, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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