Population structure of two rabies hosts relative to the known distribution of rabies virus variants in Alaska
Open accessAbstract
For pathogens that infect multiple species, the distinction between reservoir hosts and spillover hosts is often difficult. In Alaska, three variants of the arctic rabies virus exist with distinct spatial distributions. We tested the hypothesis that rabies virus variant distribution corresponds to the population structure of the primary rabies hosts in Alaska, arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to possibly distinguish reservoir and spillover hosts. We used mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) sequence and nine microsatellites to assess population structure in those two species. mt DNA structure did not correspond to rabies virus variant structure in either species. Microsatellite analyses gave varying results. Bayesian clustering found two groups of arctic foxes in the coastal tundra region, but for red foxes it identified tundra and boreal types. Spatial Bayesian clustering and spatial principal components analysis identified 3 and 4 groups of arctic foxes, respectively, closely matching the distribution of rabies virus variants in the state. Red foxes, conversely, showed eight clusters comprising two regions (boreal and tundra) with much admixture. These results run contrary to previous beliefs that arctic fox show no fine‐scale spatial population structure. While we cannot rule out that the red fox is part of the maintenance host community for rabies in Alaska, the distribution of virus variants appears to be driven primarily by the arctic fox. Therefore, we show that host population genetics can be utilized to distinguish between maintenance and spillover hosts when used in conjunction with other approaches.
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The red fox population structure observed in Alaska, a study area of more than 1,700,000 km2, is characterised by eight clusters comprising two main regions and much admixture with Fst values ranging from 0.006 to 0.059.
“As the red fox population structure observed in Alaska, a much larger study area of more than 1,700,000 km 2 , is characterised by eight clusters comprising two main regions and much admixture with Fst values ranging from 0.006 to 0.059 [74].”
From Genetic and spatial characterization of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population in the area stretching between the Eastern and Dinaric Alps and its relationship with rabies and canine distemper dynamics (2019) · cites this paper as [74]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe population structure of the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) in Alaska mirrors the distribution of the three known rabies virus variants.
“Of note and similar to our findings about the segregation of Italy 1 and 2 rabies virus variants, the population structure of the artic fox (Vulpes lagopus) in Alaska mirrors the distribution of the three known rabies virus variants [74].”
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- Authors
- Goldsmith, E. W., Renshaw, B., Clement, C. J., Himschoot, E. A., Hundertmark, K. J., & Hueffer, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Alaska Fairbanks (US)
- Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks PO Box 756100 Fairbanks AK 99775 USA
- Corresponding author
- Hueffer, Karsten
- Venue
- Molecular Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-01-19
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 675-688
- ISSN
- 0962-1083 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-294X
- PMC
- PMC4738172
- OpenAlex
- W2299451593
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Ecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (5P20RR016466)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (8P20GM103395‐12, RL5MD009600, TL4MD009628, 1UL1MD009610, 8P20GM103395-12)
- UAF Office of Undergraduate Research and Scholarly Activities
- Alaska INBRE
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › Rabies epidemiology and control
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Keywords
- rabies virus, arctic fox, red fox, population structure, reservoir hosts, rabies virus variants, host-virus coevolution, spatial population structure, mitochondrial DNA, microsatellite markers, Alaska
- MeSH terms
- Alaska, Animals, Bayes Theorem, DNA, Mitochondrial, Foxes, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Rabies, Rabies virus, Cluster Analysis, Microsatellite Repeats
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