Ectomycorrhizal fungi decompose soil organic matter using oxidative mechanisms adapted from saprotrophic ancestors
Open accessAbstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi are thought to have a key role in mobilizing organic nitrogen that is trapped in soil organic matter (SOM). However, the extent to which ectomycorrhizal fungi decompose SOM and the mechanism by which they do so remain unclear, considering that they have lost many genes encoding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes that are present in their saprotrophic ancestors. Spectroscopic analyses and transcriptome profiling were used to examine the mechanisms by which five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, representing at least four origins of symbiosis, decompose SOM extracted from forest soils. In the presence of glucose and when acquiring nitrogen, all species converted the organic matter in the SOM extract using oxidative mechanisms. The transcriptome expressed during oxidative decomposition has diverged over evolutionary time. Each species expressed a different set of transcripts encoding proteins associated with oxidation of lignocellulose by saprotrophic fungi. The decomposition 'toolbox' has diverged through differences in the regulation of orthologous genes, the formation of new genes by gene duplications, and the recruitment of genes from diverse but functionally similar enzyme families. The capacity to oxidize SOM appears to be common among ectomycorrhizal fungi. We propose that the ancestral decay mechanisms used primarily to obtain carbon have been adapted in symbiosis to scavenge nutrients instead.
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When acting in concert with oxidative mechanisms, this process improves the access to organic N from a polysaccharide-polyphenol matrix.
“When acting in concert with oxidative mechanisms this process improves the access to organic N from a polysaccharide-polyphenol matrix (Shah et al., 2015).”
From Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe—A vision how to mobilize marginal lands (2018) · cites this paper as Shah et al., 2015
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Shah, F., Nicolás, C., Bentzer, J., Ellström, M., Smits, M., Rineau, F., Canbäck, B., Floudas, D., Carleer, R., Lackner, G., Braesel, J., Hoffmeister, D., Henrissat, B., Ahrén, D., Johansson, T., Hibbett, D. S., Martin, F., Persson, P., & Tunlid, A.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Hasselt University (BE)
- Centre for Environmental Sciences Hasselt University Building D Agoralaan 3590 Diepenbeek Limburg Belgium
- Clark University (US)
- Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie e. V. - Hans-Knöll-Institut (HKI) (DE)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Tunlid, Anders
- ORCID
- Venue
- New Phytologist
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-11-03
- Volume
- 209
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1705-1719
- ISSN
- 0028-646X (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8137
- PMC
- PMC5061094
- OpenAlex
- W1912607569
- Cited by
- 394
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 27
- FWCI
- 33.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- New Phytologist (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Clark Digital Commons (Clark University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL AMU (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate
- Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01)
- Office of Science of the US Department of Energy
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Keywords
- ectomycorrhizal fungi, soil organic matter decomposition, oxidative degradation, lignocellulose degradation, gene duplication, gene recruitment, transcriptome, symbiosis evolution, forest soils
- MeSH terms
- Fungal Proteins, Fungi, Genes, Fungal, Lignin, Organic Chemicals, Oxidation-Reduction, Phylogeny, Soil, Transcription, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Mycorrhizae, Laccase, Secondary Metabolism
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