Understanding adaptogenic activity: Specificity of the pharmacological action of adaptogens and other phytochemicals
Open accessAbstract
Adaptogens are stress-response modifiers that increase an organism's nonspecific resistance to stress by increasing its ability to adapt and survive. The classical reductionist model is insufficiently complex to explain the mechanistic aspects of the physiological notion of "adaptability" and the adaptogenic activity of adaptogens. Here, I demonstrate that (1) the mechanisms of action of adaptogens are impossible to rationally describe using the reductionist concept of pharmacology, whereas the network pharmacology approach is the most suitable method; and (2) the principles of systems biology and pharmacological networks appear to be more suitable for conceptualizing adaptogen function and are applicable to any phytochemical. Molecular targets, signaling pathways, and networks common to adaptogens have been identified. They are associated with stress hormones and key mediators of the regulation of homeostasis. In this context, the mechanisms of action of adaptogens are specifically related to stress-protective activity and increased adaptability of the organism. Consequently, adaptogens exhibit polyvalent beneficial effects against chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative cognitive impairment, metabolic disorders, cancer, and other aging-related diseases. Current and potential uses of adaptogens are mainly related to stress-induced fatigue and cognitive function, mental illness, and behavioral disorders. Their prophylactic use by healthy subjects to ameliorate stress and prevent age-related diseases appears to be justified. It is very unlikely that the pharmacological activity of any phytochemical is specific and associated only with one type of receptor, particularly adaptogenic compounds, which affect key mediators of the adaptive stress response at intracellular and extracellular levels of communication.
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Current and potential uses of these medicinal plants are associated with mental diseases and behavioural disorders, cognitive function, and stress-induced diseases such as anxiety, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.
“Current and potential uses of these medicinal plants are associated with mental diseases and behavioural disorders, cognitive function and stress-induced diseases (anxiety, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes) [4,9,15,16,17,18,19,20].”
From Plant Adaptogens—History and Future Perspectives (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Panossian, A.
- Affiliations
- EuroPharma USA Inc. Green Bay Wisconsin
- Corresponding author
- Panossian, Alexander
- ORCID
- Panossian, Alexander
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-06-22
- Volume
- 1401
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-64
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2666156224
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 18
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
- Keywords
- adaptogens, adaptogenic activity, stress response, network pharmacology, systems biology, phytochemicals, stress hormones, homeostasis, chronic inflammation, metabolic disorders, cancer, age-related diseases, cognitive function, mental illness, prophylaxis
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Biological, Animals, Humans, Plant Extracts, Stress, Physiological, Phytochemicals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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