The DOI matches its Crossref record; 233 of the 233 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Food cue reactivity and craving predict eating and weight gain: A meta-analytic review
Open accessAbstract
Summary: According to learning‐based models of behavior, food cue reactivity and craving are conditioned responses that lead to increased eating and subsequent weight gain. However, evidence supporting this relationship has been mixed. We conducted a quantitative meta‐analysis to assess the predictive effects of food cue reactivity and craving on eating and weight‐related outcomes. Across 69 reported statistics from 45 published reports representing 3,292 participants, we found an overall medium effect of food cue reactivity and craving on outcomes (r = 0.33, p < 0.001; approximately 11% of variance), suggesting that cue exposure and the experience of craving significantly influence and contribute to eating behavior and weight gain. Follow‐up tests revealed a medium effect size for the effect of both tonic and cue‐induced craving on eating behavior (r = 0.33). We did not find significant differences in effect sizes based on body mass index, age, or dietary restraint. However, we did find that visual food cues (e.g. pictures and videos) were associated with a similar effect size to real food exposure and a stronger effect size than olfactory cues. Overall, the present findings suggest that food cue reactivity, cue‐induced craving and tonic craving systematically and prospectively predict food‐related outcomes. These results have theoretical, methodological, public health and clinical implications.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“We also considered skills related to emotion regulation and coping as constant influencers, since previous research has shown that employing strategies such as cognitive reappraisal can help manage neural reactivity to food cues and self-reported cravings for energy-dense foods [50].”
From What Is Food Noise? A Conceptual Model of Food Cue Reactivity (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“increased food cue reactivity is associated, over time, with important health-related outcomes, including weight gain or regain [50,65,76], disordered eating behaviors and eating disorders [77,78,79], and, consequently, loss of quality of life [45,80].”
From What Is Food Noise? A Conceptual Model of Food Cue Reactivity (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099
‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management
Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Lindstrom, R. C., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000345030 · Cited by 9,526
A neural substrate of prediction and reward
Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593 · Cited by 9,388
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., Sanislow, C., & Wang, P. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379 · Cited by 7,067
Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · Cited by 6,686
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Polivy J, 2014, Managing and Preventing Obesity: Behavioral Factors and Dietary Interventions
- 10.1037/0022-006X.70.3.510 · DOI
- Martin CK, 2011, Food Cravings: A Central Construct in Food Intake Behavior, Weight Loss, and the Neurobiology of Appetitive Behavior, 741
- Brownell KD, 2000, The LEARN Program for Weight Management
- 10.1073/pnas.0807423106 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–702 of 702
Kenger, E. B., Karahan, T. Ö., Toprak, A. B., Arslan, İ., Sarıtaş, T., Özgen, Z., Bayram, H. M., & Öztürkcan, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1963635
Das, S., Chatterjee, A., Mazumder, S., & Das, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1940439
Metadata
- Authors
- Boswell, R. G., & Kober, H.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Department of Psychology Yale University New Haven CT USA
- ORCID
- Boswell, Rebecca G.
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-12-08
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 159-177
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- PMC
- PMC6042864
- OpenAlex
- W2192006161
- Cited by
- 703
- References
- 233
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50DA009241, K12 DA00167, P50-DA-0-9241, K12DA000167)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- food cue reactivity, food cravings, cue-induced craving, dietary habits, weight gain, visual food cues, olfactory cues, dietary restraint, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Bulimia, Cues, Feeding Behavior, Food, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Obesity, Weight Gain, Behavior, Addictive, Evidence-Based Practice, Craving
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
