Assessing adipokines as potential biomarkers of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Midlife obesity and late‐life weight loss confer a greater risk for developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the exact mechanisms behind this phenomenon are currently unknown. The answer could lie on the involvement of gastrointestinal factors, such as adipokines (e.g., leptin, adiponectin, and resistin) and ghrelin. In this context, we conducted a pre‐registered systematic review and meta‐analysis of 42 cross‐sectional and 13 longitudinal studies targeting the associations between leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin and the prevalence of general dementia, AD, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We also examined the relationship between the four gastrointestinal factors and neurocognitive outcomes and AD‐related cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Patients with AD had lower blood leptin and higher resistin levels than cognitively normal participants. Lower leptin and higher resistin were associated with higher degree of cognitive impairment. Additionally, lower late‐life leptin levels might be associated with higher prospective risk of dementia and AD, although more studies are needed to corroborate this. Results in ghrelin and adiponectin were not conclusive, with age, sex distribution, obesity, and severity of dementia seemingly acting as moderators across several analyses. Our work might contribute to the identification of new preclinical blood markers of MCI and AD.
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Individuals with higher leptin levels are associated with a reduced risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
“individuals with higher leptin levels are associated with a reduced risk of dementia and AD.”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [587]
Blood leptin levels are reduced in AD patients compared to cognitively normal individuals.
“a recent meta-analysis that has reported reduced blood leptin levels in AD patients compared to cognitively normal individuals.”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [587]
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Flagged first, then by citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases
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- Authors
- García‐García, I., Fernández‐Andújar, M., Narváez, M., & García‐Casares, N.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Universitat Abat Oliba CEU (ES)
- Universidad de Málaga (ES)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Fernández‐Andújar, Marina
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-05-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e13573-e13573
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- OpenAlex
- W4376132699
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 102
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CEU Repositorio Institucional (Fundación Universitaria San Pablo CEU) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- adipokines, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, biomarkers, midlife obesity, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, neurodegeneration
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Biomarkers, Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin, Adipokines, Ghrelin, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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