Mouse models for the study of cranial base growth and anomalies
Abstract
The cranial base is a central and integral component of the cranioskeleton, yet little is known about its growth. Despite the dissimilarities between human and murine cranioskeletal form, mouse models are proving instrumental in studying craniofacial growth. The objectives of this review are to summarize recent findings from numerous mouse models that display growth defects in one or more cranial base synchondroses, with accompanying changes in chondrocyte cellular zones. Many of these models also display altered growth of the cranial vault and/or the facial region. FGFR, PTHrP, Ihh, BMP and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as components of primary cilia, are the major genes and signalling pathways identified in cranial base synchondroses. Together, these models are helping to uncover specific genetic influences and signalling pathways operational at the cranial base synchondroses. Many of these genes are in common with those of importance in the cranial vault and the facial skeleton, emphasizing the molecular integration of growth between the cranial base and other cranial regions. Selected models are also being utilized in testing therapeutic agents to correct defective craniofacial and cranial base growth.
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Children with cartilage growth defects in the cranial base often develop abnormal calvarial morphologies, malocclusion and concave faces.
“For example, children with cartilage growth defects in the cranial base often develop abnormal calvarial morphologies, malocclusion and concave faces [43,44].”
From Morphological consequences of artificial cranial deformation: Modularity and integration (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
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Morphological consequences of artificial cranial deformation: Modularity and integration
Püschel, T. A., Friess, M., & Manríquez, G. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227362 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“For example, children with cartilage growth defects in the cranial base often develop abnormal calvarial morphologies, malocclusion and concave faces [43,44].”
Background
- Authors
- Vora, S. R.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Vora, S. R.
- ORCID
- Vora, S. R.
- Venue
- Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 18-25
- ISSN
- 1601-6335 (ISSN-L)
- 1601-6343
- OpenAlex
- W2652038182
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 0.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Cleft Lip and Palate Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Keywords
- cranial base growth, mouse model, FGFR signalling, parathyroid hormone-related protein, Ihh, BMP signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, primary cilia, craniofacial growth, therapeutic testing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Maxillofacial Development, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Skull Base, Models, Animal, Mice
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