SpHMA1 is a chloroplast cadmium exporter protecting photochemical reactions in the Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola
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Sedum plumbizincicola is able to hyperaccumulate cadmium (Cd), a nonessential and highly toxic metal, in the above-ground tissues, but the mechanisms for its Cd hypertolerance are not fully understood. Here, we show that the heavy metal ATPase 1 (SpHMA1) of S. plumbizincicola plays an important role in chloroplast Cd detoxification. Compared with the HMA1 ortholog in the Cd nonhyperaccumulating ecotype of Sedum alfredii, the expression of SpHMA1 in the leaves of S. plumbizincicola was >200 times higher. Heterologous expression of SpHMA1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased Cd sensitivity and Cd transport activity in the yeast cells. The SpHMA1 protein was localized to the chloroplast envelope. SpHMA1 RNA interference transgenic plants and CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutant lines showed significantly increased Cd accumulation in the chloroplasts compared with wild-type plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis revealed that the photosystem II of SpHMA1 knockdown and knockout lines suffered from a much higher degree of Cd toxicity than wild type. Taken together, these results suggest that SpHMA1 functions as a chloroplast Cd exporter and protects photosynthesis by preventing Cd accumulation in the chloroplast in S. plumbizincicola and hyperexpression of SpHMA1 is an important component contributing to Cd hypertolerance in S. plumbizincicola.
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Several transporters were overexpressed, such as SpHMA1 in S. plumbizincicola, SaZIP4 in Sedum alfredii, and TcYSL3, TcHMA3, TcYSL5, and TcYSL7 in N. caerulescens plants for transport of metal ions.
“Several transporters were overexpressed, such as SpHMA1 in S. plumbizincicola, SaZIP4 in Sedum alfredii, and TcYSL3, TcHMA3, TcYSL5, and TcYSL7 in N. caerulescens plants for transport of metal ions (Gendre et al., 2007; Ueno et al., 2011; Zhao et al., 2019).”
From Plant hyperaccumulators: a state-of-the-art review on mechanism of heavy metal transport and sequestration (2025) · cites this paper as Zhao et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Zhao, H., Wang, L., Zhao, F., Wu, L., Liu, A., & Xu, W.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Wenzhong
- Venue
- Plant, Cell & Environment
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-12-12
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1112-1124
- ISSN
- 0140-7791 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-3040
- OpenAlex
- W2897714936
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 2.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Plant Cell & Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institute of Botany, CAS Institutional Repository (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0800900)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Heavy Metals in Plants
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Keywords
- heavy metal ATPase, cadmium hyperaccumulation, Sedum plumbizincicola, cadmium detoxification, photosystem II, chlorophyll fluorescence, chloroplast envelope, metal hyperaccumulators, Sedum alfredii
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphatases, Cadmium, Chloroplasts, Photosynthesis, Plant Proteins, Blotting, Southern, Plant Leaves, Membrane Transport Proteins, Organisms, Genetically Modified, Sedum, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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