Molecular mechanisms of plant metal tolerance and homeostasis

Clemens, Stephan

doi:10.1007/s004250000458

Cited by 1,417Plant Micronutrient Interactions and EffectsPlant Stress Responses and ToleranceHeavy metals in environment

Molecular mechanisms of plant metal tolerance and homeostasis

Clemens, Stephan·2001·Planta

DOI 10.1007/s004250000458

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Transition metals such as copper are essential for many physiological processes yet can be toxic at elevated levels. Other metals (e.g. lead) are nonessential and potentially highly toxic. Plants--like all other organisms--possess homeostatic mechanisms to maintain the correct concentrations of essential metal ions in different cellular compartments and to minimize the damage from exposure to nonessential metal ions. A regulated network of metal transport, chelation, trafficking and sequestration activities functions to provide the uptake, distribution and detoxification of metal ions. Some of the components of this network have now been identified: a number of uptake transporters have been cloned as well as candidate transporters for the vacuolar sequestration of metals. Chelators and chaperones are known, and evidence for intracellular metal trafficking is emerging. This recent progress in the molecular understanding of plant metal homeostasis and tolerance is reviewed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s004250000458

Cites

118 of 118 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Hyperaccumulators employ at least four mechanisms to accumulate metal ions: transport of metals through roots from the soil, radial metal ion transport in roots, root-to-shoot metal accumulation, and detoxification at storage sites.
“They employ at least four mechanisms to accumulate metal ions, viz. transport of metals through roots from the soil, radial metal ion transport in roots, root to shoot metal accumulation, and detoxification at storage sites (Clemens, 2001; Clemens et al., 2002; Mari and Lebrun, 2005; Merlot et al., 2018; Corso and de la Torre, 2020).”
From Plant hyperaccumulators: a state-of-the-art review on mechanism of heavy metal transport and sequestration (2025) · cites this paper as Clemens, 2001

Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal-ion transporter
Gunshin, H., Mackenzie, B., Berger, U. V., Gunshin, Y., Romero, M. F., Boron, W. F., Nussberger, S., Gollan, J. L., & Hediger, M. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41343 · Cited by 3,166 · see citing works
TERRESTRIAL HIGHER PLANTS WHICH HYPERACCUMULATE METALLIC ELEMENTS. A REVIEW OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION, ECOLOGY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY
Baker, A. J. M., & Brooks, R. R. (1989) · Cited by 2,213 · see citing works
Undetectable Intracellular Free Copper: The Requirement of a Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase
Rae, T., Schmidt, P. J., Pufahl, R. A., Culotta, V., & O’Halloran, T. V. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5415.805 · Cited by 1,628 · see citing works
Phytochelatins and Their Roles in Heavy Metal Detoxification
Cobbett, C. S. (2000) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.123.3.825 · Cited by 1,430 · see citing works
A novel iron-regulated metal transporter from plants identified by functional expression in yeast.
Eide, D. J., Broderius, M. A., Fett, J. P., & Guerinot, M. L. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.11.5624 · Cited by 1,403 · see citing works
Aluminum Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
Delhaize, E., & Ryan, P. R. (1995) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.107.2.315 · Cited by 1,354 · see citing works
EIN2, a Bifunctional Transducer of Ethylene and Stress Responses in Arabidopsis
Alonso, J. M., Hirayama, T., Roman, G., Nourizadeh, S., & Ecker, J. R. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2148 · Cited by 1,297 · see citing works
Phytoremediation of soil metals
Chaney, R. L., Malik, M., Li, Y. M., Brown, S. L., Brewer, E. P., Angle, J. S., & Baker, A. J. (1997) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0958-1669(97)80004-3 · Cited by 1,254 · see citing works
Phytochelatins: The Principal Heavy-Metal Complexing Peptides of Higher Plants
Grill, E., Winnacker, E., & Zenk, M. H. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.230.4726.674 · Cited by 1,189 · see citing works
Natural resistance to infection with intracellular parasites: isolation of a candidate for Bcg
Vidal, S. M., Malo, D., Vogan, K., Skamene, E., & Gros, P. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90135-d · Cited by 1,104 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Cadmium Mobility and Accumulation in Indian Mustard
Salt, D. E., Prince, R. C., Pickering, I. J., & Raskin, I. (1995) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.109.4.1427 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Free histidine as a metal chelator in plants that accumulate nickel
Krämer, U., Cotter-Howells, J. D., Charnock, J., Baker, A. J. M., & Smith, J. A. C. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379635a0 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Phytochelatins, the heavy-metal-binding peptides of plants, are synthesized from glutathione by a specific γ-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyl transpeptidase (phytochelatin synthase)
Grill, E., Löffler, S., Winnacker, E., & Zenk, M. H. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.18.6838 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Cadmium and iron transport by members of a plant metal transporter family in Arabidopsis with homology to Nramp genes
Thomine, S., Wang, R., Ward, J. M., Crawford, N. M., & Schroeder, J. I. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4991 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Visualization of differential gene expression using a novel method of RNA fingerprinting based on AFLP: Analysis of gene expression during potato tuber development
Bachem, C., van der Hoeven, R. S., de Bruijn, S. M., Vreugdenhil, D., Zabeau, M., & Visser, R. G. F. (1996) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.9050745.x · Cited by 853 · see citing works
The Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase
Culotta, V., Klomp, L. W. J., Strain, J. J., Casareno, R. L. B., Krems, B., & Gitlin, J. D. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.38.23469 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Accumulation of Cadmium in Crop Plants and Its Consequences to Human Health
Wagner, G. J. (1993) · Advances in agronomy · doi:10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60593-3 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
A Functional-Phylogenetic Classification System for Transmembrane Solute Transporters
Saier, M. H. (2000) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.64.2.354-411.2000 · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Metallochaperones, an Intracellular Shuttle Service for Metal Ions
O'Halloran, T. V., & Culotta, V. C. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r000006200 · Cited by 806 · see citing works
The IRT1 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana is a metal transporter with a broad substrate range
Korshunova, Y. O., Eide, D., Clark, W. G., Guerinot, M. L., & Pakrasi, H. B. (1999) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1023/a:1026438615520 · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Cloning and functional characterization of a mammalian zinc transporter that confers resistance to zinc.
Palmiter, R. D., & Findley, S. D. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07042.x · Cited by 767 · see citing works
The molecular physiology of heavy metal transport in the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens
Pence, N. S., Larsen, P. B., Ebbs, S. D., Letham, D. L. D., Lasat, M. M., Garvin, D. F., Eide, D., & Kochian, L. V. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4956 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Identification of a family of zinc transporter genes from Arabidopsis that respond to zinc deficiency
Grotz, N., Fox, T. C., Connolly, E. L., Park, W. D., Guerinot, M. L., & Eide, D. J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.7220 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
A biological function for cadmium in marine diatoms
Lane, T. W., & Morel, F. M. M. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.090091397 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
ZnT-3, a putative transporter of zinc into synaptic vesicles
Palmiter, R. D., Cole, T. B., Quaife, C. J., & Findley, S. D. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14934 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Phytochelatins and Related Peptides (Structure, Biosynthesis, and Function)
Rauser, W. E. (1995) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.109.4.1141 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Structure and function of metal chelators produced by plants
Rauser, W. E. (1999) · Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1007/bf02738153 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Metal ion chaperone function of the soluble Cu(I) receptor Atx1.
Pufahl, R. A., Singer, C. P., Peariso, K. L., Lin, S.-J., Schmidt, P. J., Fahrni, C. J., Culotta, V. C., Penner-Hahn, J. E., & O'Halloran, T. V. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5339.853 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
The elusive function of metallothioneins
Palmiter, R. D. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8428 · Cited by 681 · see citing works
Tolerance to toxic metals by a gene family of phytochelatin synthases from plants and yeast
Clemens, S., Kim, E. J., Neumann, D., & Schroeder, J. I. (1999) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/18.12.3325 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Copper Cofactor for the Ethylene Receptor ETR1 from Arabidopsis
Rodrı́guez, F. I., Esch, J. J., Hall, A. E., Binder, B. M., Schaller, G. E., & Bleecker, A. B. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5404.996 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Ligand‐regulated transport of the Menkes copper P‐type ATPase efflux pump from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane: a novel mechanism of regulated trafficking.
Petris, M. J., Mercer, J. F. B., Culvenor, J. G., Lockhart, P. J., Gleeson, P. A., & Camakaris, J. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00997.x · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Targeted disruption of metallothionein I and II genes increases sensitivity to cadmium.
Masters, B. A., Kelly, E. J., Quaife, C. J., Brinster, R. L., & Palmiter, R. D. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.2.584 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
A new pathway for vacuolar cadmium sequestration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae : YCF1-catalyzed transport of bis(glutathionato)cadmium
Li, Z.-S., Lu, Y.-P., Zhen, R., Szczypka, M. S., Thiele, D. J., & Rea, P. A. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.1.42 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Cadmium-Sensitive, cad1 Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Are Phytochelatin Deficient
Howden, R., Goldsbrough, P. B., Andersen, C. R., & Cobbett, C. S. (1995) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.107.4.1059 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Detoxification of Arsenic by Phytochelatins in Plants
Schmöger, M. E. V., Oven, M., & Grill, E. (2000) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.122.3.793 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
The yeast ZRT1 gene encodes the zinc transporter protein of a high-affinity uptake system induced by zinc limitation.
Zhao, H. F., & Eide, D. J. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.6.2454 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Involvement of NRAMP1 from Arabidopsis thaliana in iron transport
Curie, C., Alonso, J. M., Jean, M. L., Ecker, J. R., & Briat, J. (2000) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj3470749 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Characterization of , a Yeast Gene Involved in Copper Metabolism and Assembly of Cytochrome Oxidase
Glerum, D. M., Shtanko, A., & Tzagoloff, A. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.24.14504 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Nicotianamine Chelates Both FeIII and FeII. Implications for Metal Transport in Plants1
Nicolaus Von Wirén, A., Klair, S. S., Bansal, S., Briat, J., Khodr, H., Shioiri, T., Leigh, R. A., & Hider, R. C. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.119.3.1107 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Subcellular Localization of Cadmium and Cadmium-Binding Peptides in Tobacco Leaves
Vögeli‐Lange, R., & Wagner, G. J. (1990) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.92.4.1086 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Transport of Metal-binding Peptides by HMT1, A Fission Yeast ABC-type Vacuolar Membrane Protein
Ortiz, D. F., Ruscitti, T., McCue, K. F., & Ow, D. W. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.9.4721 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
MgATP-Dependent Transport of Phytochelatins Across the Tonoplast of Oat Roots
Salt, D. E., & Rauser, W. E. (1995) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.107.4.1293 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Subcellular Localization and Speciation of Nickel in Hyperaccumulator and Non-Accumulator ThlaspiSpecies
Krämer, U., Pickering, I. J., Prince, R. C., Raskin, I., & Salt, D. E. (2000) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.122.4.1343 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
The Yeast Cadmium Factor Protein (YCF1) Is a Vacuolar Glutathione S-Conjugate Pump
Li, Z.-S., Szczypka, M. S., Lu, Y.-P., Thiele, D. J., & Rea, P. A. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.11.6509 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
ZnT‐2, a mammalian protein that confers resistance to zinc by facilitating vesicular sequestration.
Palmiter, R. D., Cole, T. B., & Findley, S. D. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00527.x · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Cloning of Nicotianamine Synthase Genes, Novel Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Phytosiderophores
Higuchi, K., Suzuki, K. Z., Nakanishi, H., Yamaguchi, H., Nishizawa, N., & Mori, S. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.119.2.471 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
RESPONSIVE-TO-ANTAGONIST1, a Menkes/Wilson Disease–Related Copper Transporter, Is Required for Ethylene Signaling in Arabidopsis
Hirayama, T., Kieber, J. J., Hirayama, N., Kogan, M., Guzmán, P., Nourizadeh, S., Alonso, J. M., Dailey, W. P., Dancis, A., & Ecker, J. R. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80747-3 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Phytochelatin biosynthesis and function in heavy-metal detoxification
Cobbett, C. S. (2000) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(00)80067-9 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Overexpression of a Novel Arabidopsis Gene Related to Putative Zinc-Transporter Genes from Animals Can Lead to Enhanced Zinc Resistance and Accumulation
van der Zaal, B. J., Neuteboom, L. W., Pinas, J. E., Chardonnens, A. N., Schat, H., Verkleij, J. A. C., & Hooykaas, P. J. J. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.119.3.1047 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
AtPCS1, a phytochelatin synthase from Arabidopsis : Isolation and in vitro reconstitution
Vatamaniuk, O. K., Mari, S., Lu, Y.-P., & Rea, P. A. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.7110 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
The Role of Iron-Deficiency Stress Responses in Stimulating Heavy-Metal Transport in Plants1
Cohen, C. K., Fox, T. C., Garvin, D. F., & Kochian, L. V. (1998) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.116.3.1063 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Heavy metal tolerance in the fission yeast requires an ATP‐binding cassette‐type vacuolar membrane transporter.
Ortiz, D. F., Kreppel, L. K., Speiser, D. M., Scheel, G., McDonald, G., & Ow, D. W. (1992) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05431.x · Cited by 403 · see citing works
The Gene Encodes the Low Affinity Zinc Transporter in
Zhao, H. F., & Eide, D. J. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.38.23203 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
A Novel Family of Ubiquitous Heavy Metal Ion Transport Proteins
Paulsen, I. T., & Saier, M. H. (1997) · The Journal of Membrane Biology · doi:10.1007/s002329900192 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Zinc transporters that regulate vacuolar zinc storage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
MacDiarmid, C. W., Gaither, L. A., & Eide, D. (2000) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/19.12.2845 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Physiological Characterization of Root Zn2+ Absorption and Translocation to Shoots in Zn Hyperaccumulator and Nonaccumulator Species of Thlaspi
Lasat, M. M., Baker, A. J. M., & Kochian, L. V. (1996) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.112.4.1715 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Identification and Functional Expression of HAH1, a Novel Human Gene Involved in Copper Homeostasis
Klomp, L. W. J., Lin, S.-J., Yuan, D., Klausner, R. D., Culotta, V., & Gitlin, J. D. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.14.9221 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
A yeast metal resistance protein similar to human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and multidrug resistance-associated protein.
Szczypka, M. S., Wemmie, J. A., Moye-Rowley, S., & Thiele, D. J. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31723-4 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Resistance to cadmium, cobalt, zinc, and nickel in microbes
Nies, D. H. (1992) · Plasmid · doi:10.1016/0147-619x(92)90003-s · Cited by 364 · see citing works
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CATION TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
Fox, T. C., & Guerinot, M. L. (1998) · Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.669 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Schwermetallvegetation der Erde.
Wilkins, D. A., Williams, J. T., & Ernst, W. (1977) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.2307/2259085 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Wilson disease and Menkes disease: new handles on heavy-metal transport
Bull, P. C., & Cox, D. W. (1994) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/0168-9525(94)90172-4 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
A yeast manganese transporter related to the macrophage protein involved in conferring resistance to mycobacteria.
Supek, F., Supekova, L., Nelson, H., & Nelson, N. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.10.5105 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
The genetics of metal tolerance in vascular plants
Macnair, M. R. (1993) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03846.x · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Functional homologs of fungal metallothionein genes from Arabidopsis.
Zhou, J., & Goldsbrough, P. B. (1994) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.6.6.875 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
A tobacco plasma membrane calmodulin‐binding transporter confers Ni2+ tolerance and Pb2+ hypersensitivity in transgenic plants
Arazi, T., Sunkar, R., Kaplan, B., & Fromm, H. (1999) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00588.x · Cited by 309 · see citing works
FROM VACUOLAR GS-X PUMPS TO MULTISPECIFIC ABC TRANSPORTERS
Rea, P. A., Li, Z.-S., Lu, Y., Drozdowicz, Y. M., & Martinoia, E. (1998) · Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.727 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Genome-wide characterization of the Zap1p zinc-responsive regulon in yeast
Lyons, T. J., Gasch, A. P., Gaither, L. A., Botstein, D., Brown, P. O., & Eide, D. J. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.14.7957 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
CAX1, an H+/Ca2+ antiporter from Arabidopsis.
Hirschi, K. D., Zhen, R. G., Cunningham, K. W., Rea, P. A., & Fink, G. R. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8782 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
The plant cDNA LCT1 mediates the uptake of calcium and cadmium in yeast
Clemens, S., Antosiewicz, D. M., Ward, J. M., Schachtman, D. P., & Schroeder, J. I. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.20.12043 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citation
AtMRP1 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a glutathione S -conjugate pump: Isolation and functional definition of a plant ATP-binding cassette transporter gene
Lu, Y.-P., Li, Z.-S., & Rea, P. A. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.8243 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Interaction of the copper chaperone HAH1 with the Wilson disease protein is essential for copper homeostasis
Hamza, I., Schaefer, M. C., Klomp, L. W. J., & Gitlin, J. D. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.23.13363 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Molecular Characterization of a Putative Arabidopsis thaliana Copper Transporter and Its Yeast Homologue
Kampfenkel, K., Kushnir, S., Babiychuk, E., et al. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.47.28479 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
A Strong Loss-of-Function Mutation in RAN1 Results in Constitutive Activation of the Ethylene Response Pathway as Well as a Rosette-Lethal Phenotype
Woeste, K., & Kieber, J. J. (2000) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.12.3.443 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Map-based cloning of chloronerva, a gene involved in iron uptake of higher plants encoding nicotianamine synthase
Ling, H., Koch, G., Bäumlein, H., & Ganal, M. W. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.7098 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
CzcD Is a Heavy Metal Ion Transporter Involved in Regulation of Heavy Metal Resistance in Ralstonia sp. Strain CH34
Anton, A., Große, C., Reißmann, J., Pribyl, T. M., & Nies, D. H. (1999) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.181.22.6876-6881.1999 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Comparison of Metallothionein Gene Expression and Nonprotein Thiols in Ten Arabidopsis Ecotypes (Correlation with Copper Tolerance)
Murphy, A. S., & Taiz, L. (1995) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.109.3.945 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
The Composition of Metals Bound to Class III Metallothionein (Phytochelatin and Its Desglycyl Peptide) Induced by Various Metals in Root Cultures of Rubia tinctorum
Maitani, T., Kubota, H., Sato, K., & Yamada, T. (1996) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.110.4.1145 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
The Role of Malate, Oxalate, and Mustard Oil Glucosides in the Evolution of Zinc‐Resistance in Herbage Plants
Mathys, W. (1977) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1977.tb01509.x · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Phytochelatins in Cadmium-Sensitive and Cadmium-Tolerant Silene vulgaris (Chain Length Distribution and Sulfide Incorporation)
de Knecht, J. A., van Dillen, M., Koevoets, P., et al. (1994) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.104.1.255 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Mechanisms Of Metal Tolerance In Higher Plants
Verkleij, J. A. C., & Schat, H. (2024) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003574903-15 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Structure, organization and expression of the metallothionein gene family inArabidopsis
Zhou, J. C., & Goldsbrough, P. B. (1995) · Molecular and General Genetics MGG · doi:10.1007/bf02191599 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Hyperaccumulation, complexation and distribution of nickel in Sebertia acuminata
Sagner, S., Kneer, R., Wanner, G., Cosson, J., Deus‐Neumann, B., & Zenk, M. H. (1998) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00593-1 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
COT1, a Gene Involved in Cobalt Accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Conklin, D. S., Mcmaster, J. A., Culbertson, M. R., & Kung, C. (1992) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.12.9.3678-3688.1992 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The Role of Metal Transport and Tolerance in Nickel Hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi goesingense Halacsy
Krämer, U., Smith, R. D., Wenzel, W. W., Raskin, I., & Salt, D. E. (1997) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.115.4.1641 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Cadmium transport across tonoplast of vesicles from oat roots. Evidence for a Cd2+/H+ antiport activity
Salt, D. E., & Wagner, G. J. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)31388-7 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Function and Autoregulation of Yeast Copperthionein
Hamer, D. H., Thiele, D. J., & LEMONTT, J. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3887570 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Survey of the Plant Kingdom for the Ability to Bind Heavy Metals through Phytochelatins
Gekeler, W., Grill, E., Winnacker, E., et al. (1989) · Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C · doi:10.1515/znc-1989-5-605 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Expression of the pea metallothionein-like gene PsMT A in Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana and analysis of trace metal ion accumulation: Implications for PsMT A function
Evans, K. M., Gatehouse, J. A., Lindsay, W. P., Shi, J., Tommey, A. M., & Robinson, N. J. (1992) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00028889 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Identification of a Functional Homolog of the Yeast Copper Homeostasis Gene ATX1 from Arabidopsis1
Himelblau, E., Mira, H., Lin, S.-J., Culotta, V., Peñarrubia, L., & Amasino, R. M. (1998) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.117.4.1227 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Molecular and functional characterization of a novel low-affinity cation transporter (LCT1) in higher plants
Schachtman, D. P., Kumar, R., Schroeder, J. I., & Marsh, E. L. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.20.11079 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Nicotianamine: mediator of transport of iron and heavy metals in the phloem?
Stephan, U. W., & Scholz, G. (1993) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.1993.880318.x · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Identification of a gene conferring resistance to zinc and cadmium ions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Kamizono, A., Nishizawa, M., Teranishi, Y., Murata, K., & Kimura, A. (1989) · Molecular and General Genetics MGG · doi:10.1007/bf00261172 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Zinc Fingers in Caenorhabditis elegans : Finding Families and Probing Pathways
Clarke, N. D., & Berg, J. M. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2018 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
The wheat-germ Ec protein is a zinc-containing metallothionein
Lane, B. G., Kajioka, R., & KENNEDY, T. D. (1987) · Biochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1139/o87-131 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Purification and Immunological Identification of Metallothioneins 1 and 2 from Arabidopsis thaliana
Murphy, A. S., Zhou, J., Goldsbrough, P. B., & Taiz, L. (1997) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.113.4.1293 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Cadystin a and b, major unit peptides comprising cadmium binding peptides induced in a fission yeast ----- separation, revision of structures and synthesis
Kondo, N., Imai, K., Isobe, M., et al. (1984) · Tetrahedron Letters · doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)91190-6 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Defects in the Yeast High Affinity Iron Transport System Result in Increased Metal Sensitivity because of the Increased Expression of Transporters with a Broad Transition Metal Specificity
Li, L., & Kaplan, J. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.35.22181 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Translocation of copper and other micronutrients in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.): nicotianamine-stimulated copper transport in the xylem
Pich, A., & Scholz, G. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/47.1.41 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Are Phytochelatins Involved in Differential Metal Tolerance or Do They Merely Reflect Metal-Imposed Strain?
Schat, H., & Kalff, M. M. A. (1992) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.99.4.1475 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Molecular Dissection of the Role of Histidine in Nickel Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi goesingense(Halacsy)
Persans, M. W., Yan, X., Patnoe, J.-M. M. L., Krämer, U., & Salt, D. E. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.121.4.1117 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Metallothioneins 1 and 2 Have Distinct but Overlapping Expression Patterns in Arabidopsis
Garcı́a-Hernández, M., Murphy, A. S., & Taiz, L. (1998) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.118.2.387 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Malvolio, the Drosophila homologue of mouse NRAMP-1 (Bcg), is expressed in macrophages and in the nervous system and is required for normal taste behaviour.
Rodrigues, V., Cheah, P. Y., Ray, K., & Chia, W. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07303.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Poly(gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)glycine: its role in cadmium resistance in plant cells.
Jackson, P. J., Ünkefer, C. J., Doolen, J. A., et al. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.19.6619 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Zeroing in on zinc uptake in yeast and plants
Guerinot, M. L., & Eidet, D. (1999) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(99)80042-9 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Isolation, characterization and cDNA cloning of nicotianamine synthase from barley
Herbik, A., Koch, G., Mock, H., Dushkov, D., Czihal, A., Thielmann, J., Stephan, U. W., & Bäumlein, H. (1999) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00717.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Delivering copper within plant cells
Himelblau, E., & Amasino, R. M. (2000) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(00)80066-7 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Increased Zinc Tolerance in Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Is Not Due to Increased Production of Phytochelatins
Harmens, H., Hartog, P. R. D., Bookum, W. M. T., & Verkleij, J. A. C. (1993) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.103.4.1305 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Multiple tolerance and co‐tolerance to heavy metals in Silene vulgaris: a co‐segregation analysis
Schat, H., & Vooijs, R. (1997) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00756.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Accumulation of zinc and Organic Acids in Roots of Zinc Tolerant and Non-tolerant Ecotypes of Deschampsia caespitosa
Godbold, D. L., Horst, W. J., Collins, J. C., Thurman, D. A., & Marschner, H. (1984) · Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(84)80084-x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Distribution of cadmium in leaves of cadmium tolerant and sensitive ecotypes of Silene vulgaris
Chardonnens, A. N., Bookum, W. M. T., Kuijper, L. D. J., Verkleij, J. A. C., & Ernst, W. H. O. (1998) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040110.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Expression of the type 2 metallothionein-like gene MT2 from Arabidopsis thaliana in Zn2+-metallothionein-deficient Synechococcus PCC 7942: putative role for MT2 in Zn2+ metabolism
Robinson, N. J., Wilson, J. R., & Turner, J. S. (1996) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00019550 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Properties of Enhanced Tonoplast Zinc Transport in Naturally Selected Zinc-TolerantSilene vulgaris
Chardonnens, A. N., Koevoets, P. L. M., van Zanten, A., et al. (1999) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.120.3.779 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Metal-ion regulation of gene expression in yeast
Winge, D. R., Jensen, L. T., & Srinivasan, C. (1998) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/s1367-5931(98)80063-x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Evidence for an important role of the tonoplast in the mechanism of naturally selected zinc tolerance in Silene vulgaris
Verkleij, J. A. C., Koevoets, P. L. M., Blake-Kalff, M. M. A., et al. (1998) · Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(98)80064-3 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Natural resistance to infection with intracellular parasites: isolation of a candidate for Bcg
Vidal, S. M. (1993) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90008-6 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Dominance of metallothionein in metal ion buffering in yeast capable of synthesis of (gamma EC)nG isopeptides.
Yu, W., Santhanagopalan, V., Sewell, A. K., et al. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31922-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Metal hyperaccumulation in plants
Krämer, U. (2010) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112156 · Cited by 1,284 · see citing works
A long way ahead: understanding and engineering plant metal accumulation
Clemens, S., Palmgren, M. G., & Krämer, U. (2002) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02295-1 · Cited by 1,265 · see citing works
Self-citation
Large Expression Differences in Genes for Iron and Zinc Homeostasis, Stress Response, and Lignin Biosynthesis Distinguish Roots of Arabidopsis thaliana and the Related Metal Hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens
van de Mortel, J. E., Almar Villanueva, L., Schat, H., Kwekkeboom, J., Coughlan, S., Moerland, P. D., Ver Loren van Themaat, E., Koornneef, M., & Aarts, M. G. M. (2006) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.106.082073 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Zinc-Dependent Global Transcriptional Control, Transcriptional Deregulation, and Higher Gene Copy Number for Genes in Metal Homeostasis of the Hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri
Talke, I. N., Hanikenne, M., & Krämer, U. (2006) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.105.076232 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Comparative microarray analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis halleri roots identifies nicotianamine synthase, a ZIP transporter and other genes as potential metal hyperaccumulation factors
Weber, M., Harada, E., Vess, C., Roepenack‐Lahaye, E. V., & Clemens, S. (2004) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01960.x · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Self-citation
Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23 regulate the adaptation to zinc deficiency
Assunção, A. G. L., Herrero, E., Lin, Y.-F., Huettel, B., Talukdar, S., Smaczniak, C., Immink, R. G. H., van Eldik, M., Fiers, M., Schat, H., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1004788107 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Comprehensive Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants, Detoxification, and Remediation
Ghuge, S. A., Nikalje, G. C., Kadam, U. S., Suprasanna, P., & Hong, J. C. (2023) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131039 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Research priorities for conservation of metallophyte biodiversity and their potential for restoration and site remediation
Whiting, S. N., Reeves, R. D., Richards, D., Johnson, M. S., Cooke, J. A., Malaisse, F., Paton, A., Smith, J. A. C., Angle, J. S., Chaney, R. L., et al. (2004) · Restoration Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00367.x · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Comparative physiology of elemental distributions in plants
Conn, S., & Gilliham, M. (2010) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcq027 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Expression differences for genes involved in lignin, glutathione and sulphate metabolism in response to cadmium in Arabidopsis thaliana and the related Zn/Cd‐hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens
VAN DE MORTEL, J. E., SCHAT, H., MOERLAND, P. D., VAN THEMAAT, E. V. L., VAN DER ENT, S., BLANKESTIJN, H., GHANDILYAN, A., TSIATSIANI, S., & AARTS, M. G. M. (2008) · Plant, Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01764.x · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Identification of Thlaspi caerulescens Genes That May Be Involved in Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulation and Tolerance. Characterization of a Novel Heavy Metal Transporting ATPase
Papoyan, A., & Kochian, L. V. (2004) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.104.044503 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Functional characterization of NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 from the metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens
Oomen, R. J. F. J., Wu, J., Lelièvre, F., Blanchet, S., Richaud, P., Barbier‐Brygoo, H., Aarts, M. G. M., & Thomine, S. (2009) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02694.x · Cited by 270 · see citing works
TcYSL3, a member of the YSL gene family from the hyper‐accumulator Thlaspi caerulescens, encodes a nicotianamine‐Ni/Fe transporter
Gendre, D., Czernic, P., Conéjéro, G., Pianelli, K., Briat, J., Lebrun, M., & Mari, S. (2007) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02937.x · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Poplar metal tolerance protein 1 confers zinc tolerance and is an oligomeric vacuolar zinc transporter with an essential leucine zipper motif
Blaudez, D., Kohler, A., Martin, F., Sanders, D., & Chalot, M. (2003) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.017541 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms underlying heavy metal uptake, translocation and tolerance in hyperaccumulators-an analysis
Pasricha, S., Mathur, V., Garg, A., Lenka, S., Verma, K., & Agarwal, S. (2021) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100197 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Genes Associated with Heavy Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Zn/Cd Hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri: A Genomic Survey with cDNA Microarray
Chiang, H.-C., Lo, J.-C., & Yeh, K.-C. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es061432y · Cited by 182 · see citing works
The Genetic Basis of Zinc Tolerance in the Metallophyte Arabidopsis halleri ssp. halleri (Brassicaceae): An Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci
Willems, G., Dräger, D. B., Courbot, M., Godé, C., Verbruggen, N., & Saumitou-Laprade, P. (2007) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.106.064485 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Metal transporters in organelles and their roles in heavy metal transportation and sequestration mechanisms in plants
Jogawat, A., Yadav, B., Chhaya, & Narayan, O. P. (2021) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/ppl.13370 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Variations in plant metallothioneins: the heavy metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens as a study case
Roosens, N. H., Leplae, R., Bernard, C., & Verbruggen, N. (2005) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0006-1 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
SpHMA1 is a chloroplast cadmium exporter protecting photochemical reactions in the Cd hyperaccumulator <scp>Sedum plumbizincicola</scp>
Zhao, H., Wang, L., Zhao, F., Wu, L., Liu, A., & Xu, W. (2019) · Plant, Cell & Environment · doi:10.1111/pce.13456 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Evidence of various mechanisms of Cd sequestration in the hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri, the non-accumulator Arabidopsis lyrata, and their progenies by combined synchrotron-based techniques
Isaure, M.-P., Huguet, S., Meyer, C.-L., Castillo-Michel, H., Testemale, D., Vantelon, D., Saumitou-Laprade, P., Verbruggen, N., & Sarret, G. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erv131 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Genetic architecture of zinc hyperaccumulation in Arabidopsis halleri: the essential role of QTL × environment interactions
Frérot, H., Faucon, M., Willems, G., Godé, C., Courseaux, A., Darracq, A., Verbruggen, N., & Saumitou‐Laprade, P. (2010) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03295.x · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Comparison of gene expression in segregating families identifies genes and genomic regions involved in a novel adaptation, zinc hyperaccumulation
FILATOV, V., DOWDLE, J., SMIRNOFF, N., FORD‐LLOYD, B., NEWBURY, H. J., & MACNAIR, M. R. (2006) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02981.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Low-molecular-weight ligands in plants: role in metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation
Seregin, I. V., & Kozhevnikova, A. D. (2021) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-020-00768-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Plant hyperaccumulators: a state-of-the-art review on mechanism of heavy metal transport and sequestration
Bhat, B. A., Rather, M. A., Bilal, T., Nazir, R., Qadir, R. U., & Mir, R. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1631378 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“…accumulate metal ions, viz . transport of metals through roots from the soil, radial metal ion transport in roots, root to shoot metal accumulation, and detoxi ﬁ cation at storage sites (Clemens, 2001; Clemens et al., 2002; Mari and Lebrun, 2005; Merlot et al., 2018; Corso and de la Torre, 2020).”
Comparative cDNA-AFLP analysis of Cd-tolerant and-sensitive genotypes derived from crosses between the Cd hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea
Craciun, A. R. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/erl062 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Plant homeostasis of foliar manganese sinks: specific variation in hyperaccumulators
Fernando, D. R., Woodrow, I. E., Baker, A. J. M., & Marshall, A. T. (2012) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-012-1699-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hyperaccumulators for potentially toxic elements: A scientometric analysis
Zhang, D., Dyck, M., Filipović, L., Filipović, V., Lv, J., & He, H. (2021) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy11091729 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The papers numbered 135 [60], 411 [69], 516 [70], and 2998 [71] explained molecular mechanisms of plant tolerance and homeostasis.”
Background

Authors: Clemens, S.
Affiliations: Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (DE)
Corresponding author: Clemens, Stephan
ORCID: Clemens, Stephan
Venue: Planta
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2001-03-19
Volume: 212
Issue: 4
Pages: 475-486
ISSN: 0032-0935 (ISSN-L)
1432-2048
DOI: 10.1007/s004250000458
OpenAlex: W2095514509
Cited by: 1,417
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 62
FWCI: 48.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Planta (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
Keywords: plant metal homeostasis, metal tolerance, copper, lead, metal transporters, metal chelation, metallochaperone, vacuolar sequestration, metal trafficking, metal detoxification, essential metals
MeSH terms: Biological Transport, Chelating Agents, Glutathione, Homeostasis, Metalloproteins, Plant Proteins, Plants, Ion Transport, Plant Physiological Phenomena, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Metals, Heavy, Protein Transport, Phytochelatins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Molecular mechanisms of plant metal tolerance and homeostasis

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks