Caregivers' education decreases depression symptoms and burden in caregivers of patients with dementia
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether providing education to caregivers of patients with dementia decreases their depression symptoms and burden. METHODS: Eighty-three outpatients with dementia being treated at the Memory Clinic of Tokyo Medical University Hospital and their caregivers were enrolled. Forty-seven caregivers were enrolled in the caregivers' education (EDU) group and 36 were enrolled in the control (CTL) group. Caregivers were assessed for depression, burden, and quality of life (QoL). Patients were assessed for cognition, psychological symptoms, and QoL. Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 3 months (3M). Caregivers in the EDU group received lectures on symptoms and progression of dementia, management of symptoms, use of social resources etc. RESULTS: At 3M, prevalence of depression symptoms in the EDU group significantly decreased from 36% to 17%, whereas it significantly increased from 22% to 50% in the CTL group. Depression and burden were significantly improved at 3M in the EDU group, whereas they significantly worsened in the CTL group. Psychological symptoms showed a lower tendency at 3M for the EDU group. No significant changes in QoL of caregivers and patients were found in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Providing education to caregivers of patients with dementia improves their depression symptoms and sense of burden, and tends to improve the behaviour and psychological symptoms of dementia in the patients. Providing education to caregivers of dementia patients may hence result in beneficial effects for both the patients and their caregivers, and should be widely used in dementia care.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the control group of Terayama et al., depressive symptoms significantly increased from 12.4 ± 7.3 pre-intervention to 16.0 ± 10 post-intervention (p = 0.004).
“The control group result- ed in significant increase in symptoms of depression, 12.4 ± SD 7.3 pre-intervention to 16.0 ± SD 10 post-intervention, p = 0.004.”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Three studies evaluated post-discharge interventions which had a number of components including caregiver education, caregiver support, follow-up (face-to-face) visits, home visits, telephone call/email, caregiver hot-line, and medication review.
“Three studies evaluated postdischarge interventions which had a number of components including caregiver education, caregiver support, follow-up (face-to-face) visits, home visits, telephone call/email, caregiver hot-line, and medication review. 21,23,24”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
A post-discharge hospital educational program provided to caregivers led to significantly reduced caregiver burden (31.7 ± 17.6 pre-intervention to 27.7 ± 16.9 post-intervention, p = 0.037).
“In another study, a post-discharge hospital educational program provided to caregivers led to significantly reduced caregiver burden (31.7 ± 17.6 (SD) pre-intervention to 27.7 ± 16.9 (SD) post-intervention ( p = 0.037)).”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
In the intervention group of Terayama et al., depressive symptoms significantly decreased; mean CES-D scores decreased from 14.5 ± 9.2 to 12.1 ± 7.5 (p = 0.039).
“In the intervention group, de- pressive symptoms significantly decreased; mean scores on the CES-D decreased from 14.5 ± 9.2 (SD) to 12.1 ± 7.5 (SD) ( p = 0.039).”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Four studies tested the impact of post-discharge interventions on patient or caregiver outcomes.
“Four studies tested the impact of post-discharge interventions on patient or caregiver outcomes. 20,21,23,24”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
The intervention components varied; one study tested only caregiver education while the remaining studies tested two or more components including caregiver education, discharge planning, follow-up visits, caregiver hotline, consultation with the geriatric team, counselling on caregiving skills, and medication review.
“The intervention components varied; one study tested only caregiver education 23 while the remaining studies tested two or more components including caregiver education, 20 discharge planning, 20,21,24 follow-up visits, 21,24 caregiver hotline, 21 consultation with the geriatric team, 20,21,24 counselling on caregiving skills, 24 and medication review. 24”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Most included interventions targeted administration of medications by caregivers.
“most targeted administration of medications by caregivers”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
In caregivers of outpatients living with dementia (n=47), a hospital education program (two 1.5-h lectures over two months) resulted in significant reduction of caregiver burden, with mean Zarit Caregiver Burden scores decreasing from 31.7 ± 17.6 pre-intervention to 27.7 ± 16.9 post-intervention (p=0.037).
“The intervention resulted in significant reduction of caregiver burden; mean scores on the Zarit Caregiver Burden decreased from 31.7 ± 17.6 (SD) pre-intervention to 27.7 ± 16.9 (SD) postintervention ( p = 0.037).”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
No significant changes in quality of life of caregivers and patients were reported in the Terayama et al. study.
“No significant changes in quality of life of caregivers and patients were reported.”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
In the same population, the program resulted in significant decrease in caregiver depressive symptoms, with mean CES-D scores decreasing from 14.5 ± 9.2 pre-intervention to 12.1 ± 7.5 post-intervention (p=0.039).
“caregiver depressive symptoms decreased significantly; mean scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) decreased from 14.5 ± 9.2 (SD) pre-intervention to 12.1 ± 7.5 post-intervention ( p = 0.039).”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Discharge interventions led to significant reduction in caregiver burden.
“discharge interventions had led to significant reduction in length of stay and caregiver burden . 23,24”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Discharge interventions led to significant reduction in length of stay.
“discharge interventions had led to significant reduction in length of stay”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
Only one study reported caregiver outcomes, the effect of interventions on caregiver burden and strain.
“only one study reported caregiver outcomes, the effect of interventions on caregiver burden and strain. 23”
From Interventions at Hospital Discharge to Guide Caregivers in Medication Management for People Living with Dementia: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
In quasi-experimental studies, hospital-based transitional care for people with dementia, compared to usual care, was associated with fewer hospital readmissions and decreased caregiver burden.
“In quasi-experimental studies, hospital-based transitional care for PWD, compared to usual care, was associated with fewer hospital readmissions and decreased caregiver burden.17–19”
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Ikeda, M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21,010 · see citing works
The Epidemiology of Depression in an Elderly Community Population
Blazer, D. G., Hughes, D. C., & George, L. K. (1987) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/27.3.281 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Affective Disorders in a US Urban Community
Weissman, M. M. (1978) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770350030002 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Epidemiology of dysphoria and depression in an elderly population
Blazer, D. G., & Williams, C. (1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.4.439 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Depressive disorders in caregivers of dementia patients: A systematic review
Cuijpers, P. (2005) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860500090078 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Prevalence of Depression in Family Caregivers
Gallagher-Thompson, D. E., Rose, J., Rivera, P., Lovett, S. B., & Thompson, L. W. (1989) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/29.4.449 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview
Arai, Y., Kudo, K., Hosokawa, T., Washio, M., Miura, H., & Hisamichi, S. (1997) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.1997.tb03199.x · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Preserving Health of Alzheimer Caregivers: Impact of a Spouse Caregiver Intervention
Mittelman, M. S., Roth, D. L., Clay, O. J., & Haley, W. E. (2007) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31805d858a · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Gaugler, J. E., Roth, D. L., Haley, W. E., & Mittelman, M. S. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01593.x · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Virtanen, M., Stansfeld, S. A., Fuhrer, R., Ferrie, J. E., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030719 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Depression in Family Members Caring for a Relative With Alzheimer's Disease
Cohén, D., & Eisdorfer, C. (1988) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb05780.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Martı́n-Carrasco, M., Franco, M., Valero, C. P., Millán, P. R., García, C. I., Montalbán, S. R., Vázquez, A. L. G., Piris, S. P., & Vilanova, M. B. (2008) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2142 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Caregiver Burden and Psychoeducational Interventions in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Beinart, N., Weinman, J., Wade, D., & Brady, R. (2012) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000345777 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
The prevalence of depression in the carers of dementia sufferers
Coope, B., Ballard, C., Saad, K., Patel, A., Bentham, P., Bannister, C., Graham, C., & Wilcock, G. (1995) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.930100310 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Näsi, T., Virtanen, J., Toppila, J. P., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046899 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Huang, S., Liao, Y., & Wang, W. (2015) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/appy.12175 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
河野, 禎., 朝田, 隆., & 木之下, 徹. (2009) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Oikonomou, V., Gkintoni, E., Halkiopoulos, C., & Karademas, E. C. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12020269 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Caregivers' experiences of medication management advice for people living with dementia at discharge
Sawan, M. J., Jeon, Y., Bond, C., Hilmer, S. N., Chen, T. F., Wennekers, D., & Gnjidic, D. (2021) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.13551 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Sawan, M. J., Wennekers, D., Sakiris, M., & Gnjidic, D. (2021) · Journal of general internal medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06442-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Interestingly, only one study reported caregiver outcomes, the effect of interventions on caregiver burden and strain.(23) Caregivers are reported to experience significant burden in medication management at transition from the hospital to the home.”
BackgroundInfluentialToles, M., Leeman, J., Gwyther, L., Vu, M., Vu, T., & Hanson, L. C. (2022) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2022.06.021 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Terayama, H., Sakurai, H., Namioka, N., Jaime, R., Otakeguchi, K., Fukasawa, R., Sato, T., Hirao, K., Kanetaka, H., Shimizu, S., Umahara, T., & Hanyu, H.
- Affiliations
- Tokyo Medical University (JP)
- Tokyo Medical University Hospital (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Sakurai, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Psychogeriatrics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-07-10
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 327-333
- ISSN
- 1346-3500 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-8301
- OpenAlex
- W2864658388
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychogeriatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- dementia caregivers, caregiver education, caregiver depression, caregiver burden, quality of life, dementia care, memory clinic patients
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Dementia, Depression, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Quality of Life, Caregivers, Cost of Illness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
