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Cited by 54Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlThermoregulation and physiological responses

Neural circulatory control during exercise: early insights

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Mitchell, Jere H.·2013·Experimental Physiology
DOI 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.071001
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Abstract

New Findings: What is the topic of this lecture? Sir William Paton, a distinguished physician scientist, was interested in the origins of concepts in physiology. This lecture explores the early insights on the neural control of the circulation during exercise. What advances does it highlight? This lecture presents some of the outstanding seminal investigations on the central and peripheral control mechanisms that regulate the autonomic neural activity to the heart and blood vessels during exercise. During exercise, the cardiovascular response is rapidly and appropriately matched to the intensity of the physical activity. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in achieving this closely matched circulatory response by an increase in the sympathetic nerve activity to the heart, blood vessels and adrenal medulla and a decrease in the parasympathetic nerve activity to the heart. Early insights into the mechanisms that controlled these cardiovascular changes during exercise were reported in the 19th century. At that time, two mechanisms were hypothesized to be responsible for these changes. In one mechanism, a signal arising in a central area of the brain causes a parallel activation of skeletal muscle contraction and of autonomic nervous system changes (now termed ‘central command’). In the other mechanism, a signal arising in the contracting skeletal muscle causes a reflex activation of the autonomic nervous system changes (now termed ‘exercise pressor reflex’). Some important investigators involved in early studies include Johan Johansson, August Krogh, Johannes Lindhard and Horace Smirk. Also, Florence Buchanan and Louis Fridericia should be recognized for their contributions. In more recent years, the important involvement of a third mechanism, the arterial baroreflex, has been elucidated. Since those early insights, experiments in both animals and humans have added important findings that strongly support these early hypotheses.

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  1. Bindman L, Brading A & Tansey T (1993). Women Physiologists: An Anniversary Celebration of Their Contribution to British Physiology. Portland Press, London and Chapel Hill.
  2. Buchanan F (1909). The physiological significance of the pulse rate. Trans Oxford Univ Scientific Club 34, 351-356.
  3. Sherrington CS (1919). Mammalian Physiology, pp. 91-95. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

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Authors
Mitchell, J. H.
Affiliations
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Mitchell, Jere H.
Venue
Experimental Physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-02-11
Volume
98
Issue
4
Pages
867-878
ISSN
  • 0958-0670 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-445X
DOI
10.1113/expphysiol.2012.071001
OpenAlex
W2127373210
Cited by
54
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 2
FWCI
0.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Experimental Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Keywords
physical activity, autonomic nervous system, central command, exercise pressor reflex, baroreflex, sympathetic activity, parasympathetic nerve activity, history of physiology, August Krogh, cardiovascular response to exercise
MeSH terms
Animals, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular System, Heart Rate, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Sympathetic Nervous System, Exercise

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