Prevalence of Hypertension in the US Adult Population: Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991
Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this study was to estimate the current prevalence and distribution of hypertension and to determine the status of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the US adult population. The study used a cross-sectional survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States, including an in-home interview and a clinic examination, each of which included measurement of blood pressure. Data for 9901 participants 18 years of age and older from phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, collected from 1988 through 1991, were used. Twenty-four percent of the US adult population representing 43 186 000 persons had hypertension. The age-adjusted prevalence in the non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican American populations was 32.4%, 23.3%, and 22.6%, respectively. Overall, two thirds of the population with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis (69%), and a majority were taking prescribed medication (53%). Only one third of Mexican Americans with hypertension were being treated (35%), and only 14% achieved control in contrast to 25% and 24% of the non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white populations with hypertension, respectively. Almost 13 million adults classified as being normotensive reported being told on one or more occasions that they had hypertension; 51% of this group reported current adherence to lifestyle changes to control their hypertension. Hypertension continues to be a common finding in the general population. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension have improved substantially since the 1976-1980 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey but continue to be suboptimal, especially in Mexican Americans. Consideration should be given to revision of the criteria for classification of hypertension to reflect the widespread use of lifestyle modification for treatment of hypertension.
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In Western societies, systolic and diastolic blood pressure tend to rise with age beginning at around age 25 in most adults.
“As a general rule, in Western societies, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) tend to rise with age beginning at around age 25 in most adults.54,55”
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- Authors
- Burt, V. L., Whelton, P., Roccella, E. J., Brown, C., Cutler, J. A., Higgins, M., Horan, M. J., & Labarthe, D.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 305-313
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2134270369
- Cited by
- 2,998
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 108
- FWCI
- 63.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- hypertension prevalence, hypertension awareness, antihypertensive therapy, blood pressure control, Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic Black adults, racial disparities, lifestyle modification adherence, NHANES III, normotensive subjects
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antihypertensive Agents, Black or African American, Blood Pressure, Female, Health Surveys, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, United States, Prevalence, Black People, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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