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Energy expenditure during sleep, sleep deprivation and sleep following sleep deprivation in adult humans
Open accessAbstract
Non‐technical summary: One of the proposed functions of sleep is to conserve energy. We determined the amount of energy conserved by sleep in humans, how much more energy is expended when missing a night of sleep, and how much energy is conserved during recovery sleep. Findings support the hypothesis that a function of sleep is to conserve energy in humans. Sleep deprivation increased energy expenditure indicating that maintaining wakefulness under bed‐rest conditions is energetically costly. Recovery sleep after sleep deprivation reduced energy use compared to baseline sleep suggesting that human metabolic physiology has the capacity to make adjustments to respond to the energetic cost of sleep deprivation. The finding that sleep deprivation increases energy expenditure should not be interpreted that sleep deprivation is a safe or effective strategy for weight loss as other studies have shown that chronic sleep deprivation is associated with impaired cognition and weight gain.
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In the citing paper
“However, when 24-hour energy expenditure was measured in a metabolic chamber, which provides a more confined environment, energy expenditure was increased with sleep restriction relative to habitual sleep.59,82,83”
From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [82]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, resting EE, as determined by indirect calorimetry, was lower in healthy volunteers during sleep compared to wakefulness.43”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Mean 24-h levels of plasma cortisol often remain unchanged by sleep deprivation,43,95,96,99,106,109,123 but the circadian cortisol-pattern changes, as described above.”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Two groups found that one night of total sleep deprivation increased EE during the night, whereas the following day, resting and postprandial EE were reduced by 5% and 20%, respectively, overall leading to a positive energy balance43,100”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“One night of TSD in 7 healthy participants increased EE by 32% during the night of TSD and then decreased by 4% during the recovery night when compared to baseline [58].”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [58]
In the citing paper
“While sleep restriction increases energy expenditure due to increased wakefulness, it can lead to a disproportionate increase in food intake, decrease in physical activity, and weight gain.”
From Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“In a study measuring energy expenditure (EE) by a whole room calorimetry, total sleep deprivation for 40 h increased the 24-h EE by 7% as compared to a baseline day including 8 h time in bed (TIB) [38].”
From Metabolic effects of sleep disruption, links to obesity and diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [38]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jung, C. M., Melanson, E. L., Frydendall, E. J., Perreault, L., Eckel, R. H., & Wright, K. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of Denver (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-12-23
- Volume
- 589
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 235-244
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC3039272
- OpenAlex
- W2117374280
- Cited by
- 318
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 13.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sleep Research Society
- Sleep Research Society Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (NIH-R01, RR025780, Grant Number UL1 RR025780)
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL08570)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-025780, UL1RR025780)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- energy expenditure, sleep, sleep deprivation, recovery sleep, sleep stages, wakefulness, whole-body energy metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adolescent, Adult, Calorimetry, Indirect, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Time Factors, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Recovery of Function, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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