The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Corticospinal activity evoked and modulated by non‐invasive stimulation of the intact human motor cortex
Open accessAbstract
A number of methods have been developed recently that stimulate the human brain non‐invasively through the intact scalp. The most common are transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electric stimulation (TES) and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS). They are widely used to probe function and connectivity of brain areas as well as therapeutically in a variety of conditions such as depression or stroke. They are much less focal than conventional invasive methods which use small electrodes placed on or in the brain and are often thought to activate all classes of neurones in the stimulated area. However, this is not true. A large body of evidence from experiments on the motor cortex shows that non‐invasive methods of brain stimulation can be surprisingly selective and that adjusting the intensity and direction of stimulation can activate different classes of inhibitory and excitatory inputs to the corticospinal output cells. Here we review data that have elucidated the action of TMS and TES, concentrating mainly on the most direct evidence available from spinal epidural recordings of the descending corticospinal volleys. The results show that it is potentially possible to test and condition specific neural circuits in motor cortex that could be affected differentially by disease, or be used in different forms of natural behaviour. However, there is substantial interindividual variability in the specificity of these protocols. Perhaps in the future it will be possible, with the advances currently being made to model the electrical fields induced in individual brains, to develop forms of stimulation that can reliably target more specific populations of neurones, and open up the internal circuitry of the motor cortex for study in behaving humans.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2000) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x · Cited by 5,656
NON-INVASIVE MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX
Barker, A. T., Jalinous, R., & Freeston, I. L. (1985) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92413-4 · Cited by 4,460
Theta Burst Stimulation of the Human Motor Cortex
Huang, Y.-Z., Edwards, M. J., Rounis, E., Bhatia, K. P., & Rothwell, J. C. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.033 · Cited by 4,158
Self-citationCorticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex.
Kujirai, T., Caramia, M. D., Rothwell, J. C., Day, B. L., Thompson, P. D., Ferbert, A., Wroe, S., Asselman, P., & Marsden, C. D. (1993) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019912 · Cited by 3,131
Self-citationSustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans
Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.10.1899 · Cited by 2,617
Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation
Chen, R., Classen, J., Gerloff, C., Celnik, P., Wassermann, E. M., Hallett, M., & Cohen, L. G. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.5.1398 · Cited by 2,128 · cited 1×
“The 1 Hz protocol involves applying one thousand or more pulses at a rate of one per second with a suprathreshold stimulus pulse (Chen et al. 1997).”
MethodNitsche, M. A., Fricke, K., Henschke, U., Schlitterlau, A., Liebetanz, D., Lang, N., Henning, S., Tergau, F., & Paulus, W. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049916 · Cited by 1,514
Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation
Stefan, K. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.3.572 · Cited by 1,481
Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex
Pascual-Leone, A., Valls-Solé, J., Wassermann, E. M., & Hallett, M. (1994) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/117.4.847 · Cited by 1,457
Stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the intact human subject
Merton, P. A., & Morton, H. B. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/285227a0 · Cited by 1,094
Cited by
Rossini, P. M., Burke, D., Chen, R., Cohen, L. G., Daskalakis, Z., Di Iorio, R., Di Lazzaro, V., Ferreri, F., Fitzgerald, P. B., George, M. S., et al. (2015) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.02.001 · Cited by 2,753
Self-citationRossi, S., Antal, A., Bestmann, S., Bikson, M., Brewer, C., Brockmöller, J., Carpenter, L. L., Cincotta, M., Chen, R., Daskalakis, J. D., et al. (2021) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.003 · Cited by 1,573
Self-citationTen years of theta burst stimulation in humans: Established knowledge, unknowns and prospects
Suppa, A., Huang, Y.-Z., Funke, K., Ridding, M. C., Cheeran, B., Di Lazzaro, V., Ziemann, U., & Rothwell, J. C. (2016) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.01.006 · Cited by 609
Self-citationSiebner, H. R., Funke, K., Aberra, A. S., Antal, A., Bestmann, S., Chen, R., Classen, J., Davare, M., Di Lazzaro, V., Fox, P. T., et al. (2022) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2022.04.022 · Cited by 566
Self-citationLi, L. M., Uehara, K., & Hanakawa, T. (2015) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00181 · Cited by 477
Metadata
- Authors
- Di Lazzaro, V., & Rothwell, J. C.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-09-16
- Volume
- 592
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 4115-4128
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- OpenAlex
- W1937068019
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 83
- FWCI
- 7.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Corticospinal activity evoked and modulated by non‐invasive stimulation of the intact human motor cortex. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.274316
- The paper
- Di Lazzaro, V., & Rothwell, J. C. (2014). Corticospinal activity evoked and modulated by non‐invasive stimulation of the intact human motor cortex. The Journal of Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.274316
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
