Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation
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In this paper we demonstrate in the intact human the possibility of a non-invasive modulation of motor cortex excitability by the application of weak direct current through the scalp. Excitability changes of up to 40 %, revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation, were accomplished and lasted for several minutes after the end of current stimulation. Excitation could be achieved selectively by anodal stimulation, and inhibition by cathodal stimulation. By varying the current intensity and duration, the strength and duration of the after-effects could be controlled. The effects were probably induced by modification of membrane polarisation. Functional alterations related to post-tetanic potentiation, short-term potentiation and processes similar to postexcitatory central inhibition are the likely candidates for the excitability changes after the end of stimulation. Transcranial electrical stimulation using weak current may thus be a promising tool to modulate cerebral excitability in a non-invasive, painless, reversible, selective and focal way.
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The principal mechanism of tDCS involves a subtle alteration of a neuron's resting membrane potential affecting the neuron's probability of firing.
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- Authors
- Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Nitsche, M. A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 527
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 633-639
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC2270099
- OpenAlex
- W2097273459
- Cited by
- 5,656
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 264 · 2025: 352 · 2024: 344 · 2023: 329 · 2022: 354 · 2021: 455 · 2020: 449 · 2019: 426 · 2018: 361 · 2017: 357 · 2016: 380 · 2015: 315 · 2014: 263 · 2013: 274 · 2012: 195
- FWCI
- 6.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, motor cortex excitability, non-invasive brain stimulation, anodal stimulation, cathodal stimulation, aftereffects, post-tetanic potentiation, short-term potentiation, membrane polarization, transcranial magnetic stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electric Stimulation, Electromagnetic Fields, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Motor
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