Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans
Abstract
The authors show that in the human transcranial direct current stimulation is able to induce sustained cortical excitability elevations. As revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation, motor cortical excitability increased approximately 150% above baseline for up to 90 minutes after the end of stimulation. The feasibility of inducing long-lasting excitability modulations in a noninvasive, painless, and reversible way makes this technique a potentially valuable tool in neuroplasticity modulation.
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Changes in cortical excitability and improvements in behavior induced by tDCS have been reported to persist long after the stimulation period.
“Importantly, changes in cortical excitability and improvements in behavior induced by tDCS have been reported to persist long after the stimulation period [25–28].”
From Primary outcome from the augmenting cognitive training in older adults study (ACT): A tDCS and cognitive training randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
Since 2000, three sham-controlled trials investigating the efficacy of tDCS for treating depression have reported encouraging results.
“Since 2000, three sham-controlled trials investigating the efficacy of tDCS for treating depression have reported encouraging results.”
From Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
The antidepressant effects measured in this study did not appear as robust as those previously reported in the sham-controlled trials of Fregni et al (60% improvement after 5 sessions/1.5 weeks) and Boggio et al (43% improvement after 10 sessions, 2 weeks), despite the use of tDCS at higher stimulus intensities, over a longer treatment period and with more stimulation sessions.
“The antidepressant effects measured in this study did not appear as robust as those previously reported in the sham-controlled trials of Fregni et al 5 (60% improvement after 5 sessions/1.5 weeks) and Boggio et al 6 (43% improvement after 10 sessions, 2 weeks), despite the use of tDCS at higher stimulus intensities, over a longer treatment period and with more stimulation sessions.”
From Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
Boggio et al (n=40, 2 mA, 20 min, 10 sessions on consecutive weekdays) found tDCS more effective than a sham control.
“Fregni et al 5 (n = 10, tDCS given at 1 mA, 20 min per session, 5 sessions on alternate days) and Boggio et al 6 (n = 40, 2 mA, 20 min, 10 sessions on consecutive weekdays) both found tDCS more effective than a sham control.”
From Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
In the two trials with greater response, participants were free of medications prior to and during the trial, whereas in other trials and in this study, participants continued on antidepressant medication.
“In the two trials with greater response, participants were free of medications prior to and during the trial (clarified in a personal communication from F. Fregni, March 2011), 5,6 whereas in others 7,25 and in this study, participants continued on antidepressant medication.”
From Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
Recent trials increased both stimulus intensity (2 mA) and session frequency (daily or twice daily) in an attempt to optimise outcomes.
“Recent trials (Boggio et al, 6 this trial, Brunoni et al 25 ) increased both stimulus intensity (2 mA) and session frequency (daily or twice daily) in an attempt to optimise outcomes”
From Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2001-11-27
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1899-1901
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- OpenAlex
- W2079890482
- Cited by
- 2,617
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 124 · 2023: 109 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 215 · 2020: 187 · 2019: 200 · 2018: 154 · 2017: 164 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 157 · 2014: 157 · 2013: 140 · 2012: 103
- FWCI
- 8.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, motor cortex, cortical excitability, non-invasive brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Dominance, Cerebral, Electroencephalography, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Humans, Motor Cortex, Synaptic Transmission, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Muscle, Skeletal, Evoked Potentials, Motor
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