Small molecule kinase inhibitors enhance aminolevulinic acid-mediated protoporphyrin IX fluorescence and PDT response in triple negative breast cancer cell lines
Open accessAbstract
Significance: We demonstrate that clinically used kinase inhibitors such as lapatinib can be used for enhancing aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for tumor fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Aim: ALA is used as a prodrug for protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence-guided tumor resection and PDT. Our previous studies indicate that tumors with high ABCG2 activity exhibit low PpIX fluorescence, which hampers the application of ALA. We aim to determine whether clinically used ABCG2-interacting kinase inhibitors increase ALA-PpIX fluorescence and PDT. Approach: PpIX fluorescence was determined by spectrofluorometry, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy after ALA alone or in combination with kinase inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Cytotoxicity was examined after ALA-PDT alone or in combination with kinase inhibitors. Effect of single and combination treatments on apoptosis was assessed by Western blot. Results: Four kinase inhibitors (lapatinib, PD169316, sunitinib, gefitinib) significantly increased ALA-PpIX fluorescence and PDT response in TNBC cells with ABCG2 activity, but not in MCF10A nontumor breast epithelial cell line without ABCG2 activity. Confocal microscopic imaging showed that PpIX fluorescence was weak and diffuse after ALA alone, which was greatly enhanced by kinase inhibitors, particularly in the mitochondria. Lapatinib was the only inhibitor that significantly reduced PpIX efflux in cell culture medium and showed stronger enhancement of PDT response than other kinase inhibitors. Lapatinib, in combination with ALA, induced tumor cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas no apoptosis was detected after each individual treatment. Conclusions: Although all four kinase inhibitors were able to enhance ALA-PpIX fluorescence and PDT, lapatinib exhibited the strongest enhancement effect. As an FDA-approved kinase inhibitor for breast cancer treatment, lapatinib is ready to be used in combination with ALA for therapeutic enhancement in tumors with elevated ABCG2 activity. This rational combination approach warrants further investigation in tumor models.
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Lapatinib not only enhances PpIX fluorescence but also increases PpIX accumulation in mitochondria, which greatly potentiates PDT-induced cell death in tumor cells that are otherwise resistant to ALA-PDT.
“Notably, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib not only enhances PpIX fluorescence but also increases PpIX accumulation in mitochondria, which greatly potentiates PDT-induced cell death in tumor cells that are otherwise resistant to ALA-PDT [105,128].”
From 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Theranostic Agent for Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [128]
Ko143 treatment also preferentially induces PpIX accumulation in mitochondria after ALA, sensitizing tumor cells to PDT-induced apoptosis.
“In addition to the increase in total PpIX fluorescence, Ko143 treatment also preferentially induces PpIX accumulation in mitochondria after ALA, therefore, sensitizing tumor cells to PDT-induced apoptosis [123,125,128].”
From 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Theranostic Agent for Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [128]
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- Authors
- Palasuberniam, P., Kraus, D., Mansi, M. S., Howley, R., Braun, A., Myers, K. A., & Chen, B.
- Affiliations
- University of the Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Bin
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Optics
- Publisher
- SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
- Published
- 2021-09-20
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 09
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 1083-3668 (ISSN-L)
- 1560-2281
- PMC
- PMC8451314
- OpenAlex
- W3201201740
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Optics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R15EB026208)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Porphyrin Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- 5-aminolevulinic acid, protoporphyrin IX, photodynamic therapy, kinase inhibitors, lapatinib, ABCG2, triple-negative breast cancer, apoptosis, sunitinib, gefitinib, PD169316, combination therapy
- MeSH terms
- Aminolevulinic Acid, Fluorescence, Humans, Photochemotherapy, Protoporphyrins, Photosensitizing Agents, Cell Line, Tumor, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
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