The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Augmented reality: a class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum:
Abstract
In this paper we discuss augmented reality (AR) displays in a general sense, within the context of a reality-virtuality (RV) continuum, encompassing a large class of `mixed reality' (MR) displays, which also includes augmented virtuality (AV). MR displays are defined by means of seven examples of existing display concepts in which real objects and virtual objects are juxtaposed. Essential factors which distinguish different MR display systems from each other are presented, first by means of a table in which the nature of the underlying scene, how it is viewed, and the observer's reference to it are compared, and then by means of a three dimensional taxonomic framework comprising: extent of world knowledge, reproduction fidelity, and extent of presence metaphor. A principal objective of the taxonomy is to clarify terminology issues and to provide a framework for classifying research across different disciplines.
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Cites
A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays
Milgram, P., & Kishino, F. (1994) · IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems · Cited by 4,905
Self-citationAugmented reality: an application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes
Caudell, T. P., & Mizell, D. W. (1992) · Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.1109/hicss.1992.183317 · Cited by 1,455
Musings on Telepresence and Virtual Presence
Sheridan, T. B. (1992) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.120 · Cited by 1,344
Knowledge-based augmented reality
Feiner, S., Macintyre, B., & Seligmann, D. (1993) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/159544.159587 · Cited by 972
Virtual fixtures: Perceptual tools for telerobotic manipulation
Rosenberg, L. B. (1993) · Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium · doi:10.1109/vrais.1993.380795 · Cited by 578
Merging virtual objects with the real world: seeing ultrasound imagery within the patient
Bajura, M., Fuchs, H., & Ohbuchi, R. (1992) · Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques · doi:10.1145/133994.134061 · Cited by 520
Autonomy, Interaction, and Presence
Zeltzer, D. (1992) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.127 · Cited by 407
Applications of augmented reality for human-robot communication
Milgram, P., Zhai, S., Drascic, D., & Grodski, J. J. (2002) · IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros.1993.583833 · Cited by 174
Self-citationCalibration of head-mounted displays for augmented reality applications
Janin, A. L., Mizell, D. W., & Caudell, T. P. (2002) · Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium · doi:10.1109/vrais.1993.380772 · Cited by 163
Synthetic Experience:A Proposed Taxonomy
Robinett, W. (1992) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.2.229 · Cited by 81
Cited by
How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing
Davenport, T., Guha, A., Grewal, D., & Bressgott, T. (2020) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-019-00696-0 · Cited by 2,875
Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education
Wu, H.-K., Lee, S. W.-Y., Chang, H.-Y., & Liang, J.-C. (2013) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024 · Cited by 2,674
Dwivedi, Y. K., Ismagilova, E., Hughes, D. L., Carlson, J., Filieri, R., Jacobson, J., Jain, V., Karjaluoto, H., Kefi, H., Krishen, A. S., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102168 · Cited by 4,608
“In the 1990s, Milgram et al. (1995) developed the famous "Reality-Virtuality-Continuum", which means that everything between VR (where people are completely isolated from reality) and the real world is called Mixed Reality, with the two subcategories of Augmented Reality and Augmented Virtuality.”
BackgroundYim, M. Y.-C., Chu, S.-C., & Sauer, P. L. (2017) · Journal of Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2017.04.001 · Cited by 1,142
A Survey of Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality for Cultural Heritage
Bekele, M. K., Pierdicca, R., Frontoni, E., Malinverni, E. S., & Gain, J. (2018) · Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage · doi:10.1145/3145534 · Cited by 1,147
Metadata
- Authors
- Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A., & Kishino, F.
- Venue
- SPIE Proceedings
- Publisher
- SPIE
- Published
- 1995-12-21
- Volume
- 2351
- Pages
- 282-292
- ISSN
- 0277-786X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2126514505
- Cited by
- 2,367
- References
- 15
- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Milgram, P., Takemura, H., Utsumi, A., & Kishino, F. (1995). Augmented reality: a class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum:. SPIE Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.197321
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
