Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Amino Acid Metabolism during Exercise

Gibala, Martin J.

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.11.1.87

Cited by 65Muscle metabolism and nutritionCardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological Responses

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Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Amino Acid Metabolism during Exercise

Gibala, Martin J.·2001·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

DOI 10.1123/ijsnem.11.1.87

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Abstract

The contribution of amino acid oxidation to total energy expenditure is negligible during short-term intense exercise and accounts for 3-6% of the total adenosine triphosphate supplied during prolonged exercise in humans. While not quantitatively important in terms of energy supply, the intermediary metabolism of several amino acids-notably glutamate, alanine, and the branched-chain amino acids-affects other metabolites, including the intermediates within the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Glutamate appears to be a key substrate for the rapid increase in muscle TCA cycle intermediates (TCAI) that occurs at the onset of moderate to intense exercise, due to a rightward shift of the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase (glutamate + pyruvate <==> alanine + 2-oxoglutarate). The pool of muscle TCAI declines during prolonged exercise, and this has been attributed to an increase in leucine oxidation that relies on one of the TCAI. However, this mechanism does not appear to be quantitatively important due of the relatively low maximal activity of branched-chain oxoacid dehydrogenase, the key enzyme involved. It has been suggested that an increase in TCAI is necessary to attain high rates of aerobic energy production and that a decline in TCAI may be a causative factor in local muscle fatigue. These topics remain controversial, but recent evidence suggests that changes in TCAI during exercise are unrelated to oxidative energy provision in skeletal muscle.

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Protein is less important than other substrates to supply energy during prolonged exercise.
“From a quantitative standpoint, protein is less important than other substrates to supply energy during prolonged exercise [167]”
From Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise (2021) · cites this paper as [167]

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Authors: Gibala, M. J.
Affiliations: McMaster University (CA)
Corresponding author: Gibala, Martin J.
ORCID: Gibala, Martin J.
Venue: International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Published: 2001-03
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 87-108
ISSN: 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
1543-2742
DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.11.1.87
OpenAlex: W31775651
Cited by: 65
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 0.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords: physical activity, TCA cycle intermediates, glutamate, alanine, branched-chain amino acids, leucine oxidation, alanine aminotransferase, muscle fatigue, energy metabolism, amino acid oxidation
MeSH terms: Amino Acids, Citric Acid Cycle, Humans, Oxygen Consumption, Time Factors, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal

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Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Amino Acid Metabolism during Exercise

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