The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Should We Be Concerned about the Vitamin D Status of Athletes?
Abstract
A surprisingly high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency has recently been reported worldwide. Although very little is known about vitamin D status among athletes, a few studies suggest that poor vitamin D status is also a problem in athletic populations. It is well recognized that vitamin D is necessary for optimal bone health, but emerging evidence is finding that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of autoimmune diseases and nonskeletal chronic diseases and can also have a profound effect on human immunity, inflammation, and muscle function (in the elderly). Thus, it is likely that compromised vitamin D status can affect an athlete’s overall health and ability to train (i.e., by affecting bone health, innate immunity, and exercise-related immunity and inflammation). Although further research in this area is needed, it is important that sports nutritionists assess vitamin D (as well as calcium) intake and make appropriate recommendations that will help athletes achieve adequate vitamin D status: serum 25(OH)D of at least 75 or 80 nmol/L. These recommendations can include regular safe sun exposure (twice a week between the hours of 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. on the arms and legs for 5–30 min, depending on season, latitude, and skin pigmentation) or dietary supplementation with 1,000–2,000 IU vitamin D3 per day. Although this is significantly higher than what is currently considered the adequate intake, recent research demonstrates these levels to be safe and possibly necessary to maintain adequate 25(OH)D concentrations.
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“Other studies also reported that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency were ranged from 59% to 94% among athletes such as football players and gymnastics [7,31,32].”
From The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
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Cites
Holick, M. F. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra070553 · Cited by 13,720
Toll-Like Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response
Liu, P. T., Stenger, S., Li, H., Wenzel, L., Tan, B. H., Krutzik, S. R., Ochoa, M. T., Schauber, J., Wu, K., Meinken, C., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1123933 · Cited by 3,924
Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity
Wortsman, J., Matsuoka, L. Y., Chen, T. C., Lu, Z., & Holick, M. F. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.3.690 · Cited by 3,204
Lips, P. (2006) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.016 · Cited by 1,173
Vitamin D Status Predicts Physical Performance and Its Decline in Older Persons
Wicherts, I. S., van Schoor, N. M., Boeke, A. J. P., Visser, M., Deeg, D. J. H., Smit, J., Knol, D. L., & Lips, P. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1525 · Cited by 606
Vitamin D Receptor Expression in Human Muscle Tissue Decreases with Age
Bischoff-Ferrari, H., Borchers, M., Gudat, F., Dürmüller, U., Stähelin, H., & Dick, W. (2004) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.2004.19.2.265 · Cited by 585
Davey, G. K., Spencer, E. A., Appleby, P. N., Allen, N. E., Knox, K. H., & Key, T. J. (2003) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2002430 · Cited by 583
Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited
Glerup, H., Mikkelsen, K., Poulsen, L., Hass, E., Overbeck, S., Thomsen, J., Charles, P., & Eriksen, E. F. (2000) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00595.x · Cited by 436
Larsen, E. R., Mosekilde, L., & Foldspang, A. (2004) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.0301240 · Cited by 364
Cited by
Nutrition and Athletic Performance
(2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31890eb86 · Cited by 1,084
(2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.01.005 · Cited by 912
Close, G. L., Russell, J., Cobley, J. N., Owens, D. J., Wilson, G., Gregson, W., Fraser, W. D., & Morton, J. P. (2013) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.733822 · Cited by 246
Vitamin D and the Athlete: Risks, Recommendations, and Benefits
Ogan, D., & Pritchett, K. (2013) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu5061856 · Cited by 180
Close, G. L., Leckey, J., Patterson, M., Bradley, W., Owens, D. J., Fraser, W. D., & Morton, J. P. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091735 · Cited by 155
Metadata
- Authors
- Willis, K. S., Peterson, N. J., & Larson-Meyer, D. E.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 204-224
- ISSN
- 1526-484X
- 1543-2742
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 9
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
